From: [n--sa--o] at [wiliki.eng.hawaii.edu] (Neil Asato)
Newsgroups: rec.games.frp.misc
Subject: BTRC: final article part 1 of 3
Date: 26 May 93 19:27:44 GMT


         A Thesis of Underlying Features of Realities and the Matrix
                                        Part 1 of 4

copyright 1993 by Neil Asato
Those components dealing with subjects covered by BTRC products
are copyrighted by Greg Porter.
For those who wish to use portions of this work, please include
proper references, such as, "Asato, Neil. "A Thesis of Underlying 
Features of Realities and the Matrix". Internet, 1993. A supplement
for the published works of BTRC."

     This article is composed of 4 parts. The first part is a general
study of the nature of reality with regards to reality traveling, and
it will include various experiments/observations/ramifications for the
GM to consider. The second part will be a discussion on the various
methods of reality traveling that has appeared in the works of BTRC.
The third part deals with an alternate timeline for consideration by GMs.
The fourth part will deal with some of the ultra-tech type of technology.
Virtually all of the information here should be considered as "variant"
rules by GMs. It is up to the GM which if any apply to their campaigns.
     For those who want all the information already in the works of 
BTRC, they are given. 
TimeLords:
   background (Designers and the Matrices): pg. 2-3
   basics of matrices: pg. 6-11
   power converters (for matrices): pg. 86
   organizations: pg. 40-42
Time Capsules:
   matrix flaws: pg. 8
   "anti-U.S." (twisted dark future) organization: pg. 13-14
   tetra device (variant matrix): pg. 31
   convergent realities: pg. 33
   time force conflicts: pg. 35-36
SpaceTime:
   space ships: pg. 13
WarpWorld:
   gates (inter dimensional): pg. 7-8
CORPS:
   DeathWind:
      time traveler organization: pg. 51
   Organization Book 1:
      time traveler organization: pg. 11-14
      gates: pg.30-32

The Nature of Reality
     One of the most difficult aspects for a GM running a BTRC campaign
is, Rwhat sort of rules of reality should I use?" This answer will determine 
what sort of methods of reality traveling will work as well as what happens 
when certain situations occur. To make things simpler for the GM, it will
be assumed that the laws of real-life reality will usually apply with the 
bonus of things like the function of Power/magic. To get a grasp of what
the rules of reality is with regards to reality travel, it is necessary
to use a situation where the rules face a "curve breaker" to find out what
the limits of reality is and that this will have much in common with
attempts to travel between realities. For this reason, most of this section 
will deal with the black hole (a situation where the known laws of reality
are twisted to their limits). It will be assumed, at least initially, that 
certain laws of physics will be important and considered valid: general 
relativity (in particular, the effect of time-space distortion in the
effect of gravity/acceleration), quantum mechanics (primarily, the wave-
particle duality of all things and the existence of vacuum potential 
energy), and cosmic inflation theory (the general idea that there might 
be certain situations in which the vacuum energy actually generates 
energy, and that there might exist some "greater reality" from which
reality as we know it is created from). In each "experiment" given, a few 
possible results and the consequences are listed. While the experiments 
are listed independently, they will actually affect the other experiments 
(this note is for those who actually want to perform this in real life).

     Are the Effects of Gravity and Acceleration Really the Same?
     The reason to consider this is that the event horizon of a black hole is 
supposed to define the boundary at which light cannot escape (more 
practically, it would be Doppler-shifted to non-detectability). This means 
that the event horizon acts as a kind of "light barrier" for anything falling 
in, with the interior of the event horizon being the effects of what happens 
when something travels "faster-than-the-speed-of-light". Since time is 
distorted (according to general relativity), the effect is that time stops
right at the event horizon relative to the outside viewer. Using the equations
for general relativity, the resultant values (like relativistic mass) become 
imaginary. 
     Choice A: GM chooses a Newtonian-based model and ignores relativistic 
effects. The black hole really would be a singularity (no event horizon), and 
might not last for long (the repulsive forces would be able to counter this 
"gravity"). Long lasting black holes might be able to get away by the use of 
rotation, since this extreme gravity (without the effects of space-time) would
cause the rotational force to help hold it together (this was in an article of 
Scientific American modeling this very condition). Most game worlds are a lot
easier to do without relativistic effects and separating gravity from space-
time. Time travelers could make use of space ships to travel through black
holes by simply leaving the "gravitational wake" of the naked singularity (the
singularity is actually "far ahead" of the traveler and is not exhibiting the 
"pressure" to force the traveler into the singularity, sort of like the ship 
as being a surfer on the turbulence).
     Choice B: GM decides that the imaginary values, defaults as meaning 
travel through time. This would have the effect that one would be able to 
observe "naked singularities" traveling backwards in time (it will go 
backwards, and it will appear in forward time as moving towards the place 
where the super-nova that created it and merging with the super-nova, with 
nothing left over).
     Choice C: GM decides that reality does not allow relativity to operate 
past the value of c. This will cause the "bottom" of the gravity well to 
become "flat" (distorts to the condition of the effects of the speed of 
light). This will create a very noticeable effect when a black hole is formed.
As the gravity distortion "hits the light barrier", the "rebound effect" will 
occur. This will create interacting shock waves (primarily gravitational) that 
will cause the black hole appear to emit a series of intense bursts of energy. 
This energy release will cause sensors to detect simultaneous and extremely
intense spikes of gravity waves and electromagnetic radiation (this can give 
information about the interior of the black hole like the conditions of matter 
under those extreme conditions and what happens to space-time when a large 
region of reality is distorted to this level, where space and time are all 
"here and now". Reality traveling is not ruled out, but it would require using 
something that directly interferes with the rules of reality, like Power.
     Choice D: GM decides that the imaginary values really mean that it is 
outside of that reality into some greater reality, perhaps into another 
similar reality. This option opens up the possibility of travel to any sort of 
reality (surviving and navigation during the trip is another problem). The GM 
will have to later decide whether the laws of conservation apply on the level 
of this "greater reality" and how. What the black hole does in this greater 
reality would depend on features like rotation and the properties of this 
greater reality. This is similar to the standard use of Matrices.

     Side Test: Hawking Radiation at Initial Formation
     While some of the other experiments consider Hawking radiation as fact, 
it may be worth dealing whether or not it exists now. This is supposed to be 
the effect that virtual-particle pairs are involved in the "dissolving" of the 
black hole and the release of energy. The energy released is based on the 
"distance" between the singularity and the event horizon, so that the greater
the distance is, then the "dissolving rate" is smaller (and more red-shifted). 
There is a way to test this. Right as the black hole is just expanding,  it is 
very small. This results in the black hole releasing tremendous amounts of
Hawking radiation to counter the inward pressure from the star imploding. This 
would result in most candidate imploding stars just converting large amounts 
of matter into energy in a single burst of energy that blasts the collapsing 
star outward. This is similar to the effect of choice C in "Are the Effects of 
Gravity and Acceleration Really the Same?" section, except it only occurs once 
(with some reverberations in the ex-star components) and there is not likely 
to be a black hole left behind (unless the law of conservation of energy does 
not apply). Only those collapsing stars that are somehow able to exceed the 
initial outward force from Hawking radiation will form black holes. Even so, 
if the black hole forms a sufficiently large size as to make the Hawking 
radiation release very small, then it will take a long time before any matter 
outside of the star will get close to the black hole, since the initial burst 
of Hawking radiation would have pushed them away. This burst of energy is 
likely to sterilize nearby star systems. If the answer of this test is true, 
then it would not be advised to create a small black hole, as it could wipe 
out the solar system.  It would make an interesting intergalactic strategic 
weapon, though (a kind of matter-to-energy weapon).

     Here and Now With Respect to Maybe
     The consideration of the distortion of space-time at the event horizon 
(causing time to take forever for an instant to pass and where similarly space
is compressed) would have two strange interactions with quantum mechanics. The 
first is that it is possible for the potential vacuum energy effect of 
creating virtual particle pairs (matter and energy can briefly appear and 
disappear without violating the conservation laws provided they occur briefly 
enough depending on the energy) would effectively be able to exist a long time 
with respect to an observer outside.
     Choice A: If the GM chooses to not have relativistic effects, then this 
problem will not occur. The vacuum energy will be as negligible for an 
observer at the event horizon as one at a distance.
     Choice B: If relativistic effects are allowed, the GM should not forget 
that to an observer close to the event horizon, an incoming radio wave will 
be blue-shifted (perhaps to the gamma ray part of the electromagnetic 
spectrum). This coupled with the more long lasting virtual particle pairs 
will allow for extremely high energy interactions to take place. An outside 
observer might be able to sense some of the reactions as some of the products 
decay. For those interested in traveling across realities, this would cause a 
problem by having what would seem to be an impenetrable barrier of manifested 
vacuum energy.
     The other interaction is whether the so-called Planck units will show up. 
These units are connected with the virtual particle pairs of vacuum energy in 
that these constitute the shortest space-time that can exist, essentially a 
quantum unit of space-time. General relativity is not affected, since it will 
just take a close approximation of matching the theoretical curvature of 
space-time. Quantum mechanics would create some unusual interactions, though. 
If space-time is made up of quantum units, then there is a set upper limit as 
to how high the frequency for Hawking radiation can go, since the frequency 
(and intensity) is determined by the size of the "quantum potential barrier" 
between the singularity and the event horizon. The minimum size for a black 
in this case would be would be a Planck unit. This assumes that the 
singularity is at the center of the black hole.
     Choice A: The GM assumes that space-time is not composed of quantum
units. The result would be that space-time would still be governed by geometry
around, at, and in the event horizon. No particular features that would 
concern observers or reality travelers would exist.
     Choice B: The GM decides to have space-time be composed of quantum 
units (wave-particles of space-time). This could lead to an interesting and 
uncertain existence of the event horizon. The event horizon might be 
extremely granular, since parts will be caught with a quanta of space-time 
while others will not. This might be interpreted as being between the 
"flickers" of time-space going on and off (a loose analogy is being between 
the frames of a motion picture). Another interpretation might be that some 
other reality quanta might show up there, perhaps a parallel reality or some 
greater reality. In either case, they could act as an interface between 
realities. This could exhibit strange reactions and cause mysterious gains or 
loss of energy that is not otherwise expected. Unless a large interface is 
created, this could kill travelers by allowing only a small section of the 
traveler to pass.

     Side Test: A Shift in Frequency
     Something to be on the look out for is the possibility of using the 
electromagnetic radiation released by material falling in (and possibly other 
interactions) to check the expansion/contraction of the event horizon (which
presumably is determined by the amount of mass the black hole contains). 
When the event horizon expands, it will blue shift (Doppler shift to higher 
frequencies) the radiation due to being equivalent to an acceleration outward. 
Likewise, when the event horizon contracts the radiation will be red shifted.
This will be particularly be prominent during the initial formation, the final
evaporation, and when a black hole absorbs a significant amount of mass/energy 
(like another black hole). The initial formation and absorption of another 
black hole will blue shift the radiation significantly, possibly resulting in 
frequency ranges that would seem impossibly deep into the gamma ray part of 
the electromagnetic spectrum (this may also help force away nearby material). 
This effect may result in destroying unprotected life in solar systems light 
years away. The final evaporation of a black hole from Hawking radiation would 
go virtually unnoticed, since the radiation would be red shifted to near 
undetectability. These could cause problems for reality travelers who make use 
of small black holes/singularities for traveling. Some way to stabilize the 
object might need to be done.

     Here, There, Everywhere
     A further interesting consideration at and near the event horizon is what 
happens to the wave-particles around this. In quantum mechanics, attempting to 
force a wave-particle to behave as a non-moving point (like in attempts to 
bring the temperature of matter to 0 Kelvin) causes the object exhibit strong 
probabilistic behavior, since it is supposed to be impossible to know the 
exact location and velocity (zero velocity) of an object. This would cause the 
object to be a kind of blur as it its existence shifts around. This same 
effect would occur around the event horizon due to the distortion in space-
time.
     Choice A: The GM can decide to not allow this effect. This would
allow the GM to ignore these bizarre effects. It could imply that matter 
falling in would not be able to get to reach the event horizon (due to it 
representing conditions at the speed of light). Similarly light would stop 
at the event horizon relative to the outside observer (time distortion at that
region would have no passage of time). This would make the ultimate
prison, where the prisoner is suspended in time and space perhaps for all
eternity or when the black hole disappears, whichever comes first.
     Choice B: The GM could allow the effects to be valid. There are two
observable results. The first is that matter falling in and gets close to the
event horizon would extend part of its probability closer to the event
horizon. If this touches the event horizon, the object would suddenly have its 
existence suddenly become joined into the event horizon (this is due the 
probability field "spreading out" in the event horizon through a kind of 
probabilistic osmosis). This would cause the object to appear to experience an 
unusually drastic gravitational tidal effect (extreme gradients in gravity), 
causing the object to release electromagnetic energy of extremely high 
frequency (from the component particles undergoing extreme acceleration). The 
second effect is that the "matter" (whatever form the mass takes within the 
black hole) would also experience a similar probabilistic effect. Whether or 
not the mass within the black hole takes the form of a point singularity or 
something else, it may have its probability field in the event horizon equal 
to one (this does not mean it is not anywhere in the interior too, but that 
the relativistic/quantum mechanical interaction would cause its probability 
field to be everywhere in a kind of fuzzy existence in the event horizon). 
This would cause the black hole itself to exhibit a kind of fuzziness, in 
which the black hole might appear to be wobbling about for no good reason 
(actually this would be influenced by interactions with the properties of the 
event horizon, which might be spinning or changing shape). Another thing to 
consider is that Hawking radiation might prevent the existence of the black 
hole by releasing all of its mass as energy at once (one version of the theory 
is that the observed distance from an outside viewer is the quantum barrier 
that the singularity must bridge to interact with the virtual-particle pairs 
of vacuum energy to result in the "dissolving" of the black hole, and this 
effect increases as the event horizon gets smaller; the above probabilistic 
interaction would allow all of the mass to interact with the virtual-particle 
pairs at once). Travelers encountering the probabilistic effects would have to 
watch for the dangers (unhealthy nuclear reactions can take place when all the 
probability fields of the nuclei of the atoms in your body overlap each 
other). 

     Side Test: Friction Without Surfaces
     An interesting consideration is whether or not the mass in and within the
event horizon can experience friction despite being fuzzy points of 
probability without real surfaces. This would be a concern, since matter will 
not fall in symmetrically and simultaneously. This would set up vibrations 
(actually ripples would be a better description) in the event horizon. If the 
black hole has something internal to act as some sort of friction/resistance 
to these ripples then the vibrations will gradually cease. If there is not, 
then the vibrations will continue around the event horizon forever until 
destructively interfered with by other vibrations. This might be observed by 
others as gravitational waves and disturbances in the radiation release of 
material falling into black hole, and they would exhibit periodic behavior as 
they go around the event horizon. Note that this effect would be modified by 
other vibrations around the event horizon and the properties within the event 
horizon (which may exhibit some sort of refractive properties).  Reality 
travelers will have to worry about how this might be affected by Hawking 
radiation, assuming that the mass of the black hole is confined to a point in 
the black hole at the center without the probabilistic distortion effects. 
When the ripple causes the surface of the event horizon to dip closer to the 
singularity, the Hawking radiation increases (and has a higher frequency). As 
the ripple causes the event horizon to move outward, it will blue shift the 
Hawking radiation. The end result would be detected as frequency and intensity 
shifts of Hawking radiation from the vibrations (this would have to separated 
from any other release of radiation when analyzed). An interesting problem is 
what happens if the ripple causes the event horizon to expose the singularity, 
resulting in a naked singularity. Some GMs might want to assume that the 
released singularity is what the Designers in the TimeLords game used to make 
their Matrices. Other GMs might want to rule that this results in the reality
stabilizing itself by causing it to explode in a galaxy or universe worth of
energy, though it is a rather destructive option. Another option for GMs is to 
rule that Hawking radiation is simply released all at once. Note that there 
might be some remnants of the event horizon that will decay at the same time, 
making it rather messy for observers to see what is going on. For similar 
reasons, extreme interactions of ripples could result in a foaming effect 
where parts of the event horizon forms droplets. A further consideration is 
what sort of chaotic interactions occurs between general relativity, quantum 
mechanics, and inflation theory when the ripples form crashing waves (pretty 
chaotic and messy for the imagination).

     Can Probability Be Greater Than One?
     Within the event horizon, combining general relativity and quantum 
mechanical effects results in some very unusual interactions. As mentioned
before, general relativity gives imaginary values to the properties (taken at
face value, this means being outside of the reality of the observer outside
of the event horizon). Quantum mechanics would give a result that the
probability of existence at any point in this region as being greater than
one. If this result is taken at face value, then this would require
energy/matter to be created, virtual vacuum energy becoming real energy.
This effect increases towards the "center" of the black hole.
     Choice A: The GM may choose not allow this effect. The effect does
have the problem of violating the laws of conservation, even if it is taking
place outside of observed reality. The GM may have other ideas for what
the properties of the greater reality is which might be incompatible with
something that breaks the laws of conservation in this way. It might easier
on reality travelers too.
     Choice B: The GM may choose to allow this effect. While it does
violate conservation theories, it is does give a physical foundation for the
theories of cosmic inflation. Most theories of cosmic inflation are uncertain
as to when cosmic inflation occurs, though one may as well use the region
where probability exceeds one for simplicity. For someone that is able to
observe in the greater reality, it might appear to be a vast cosmic reality
spout. At the edges, realities are bubbling more slowly away than the
center. Some realities would be unstable and decay back into the greater
reality, while others become stabilized as independent realities. The 
properties of these realities would depend on their creation. In many 
respects, they each would resemble the time line diagram given in
TimeLords. This sort of effect has its advantages and disadvantages for
reality travelers. It would mean that it is possible for someone to manipulate
the singularity to create a pocket reality within and all the equipment needed
to control it like the idea that the Designers were able to place/create the
equipment of a matrix within the distortion of a "discontinuity". Using a 
similar effect, it may be possible to surround the traveler with a pocket 
reality that can be interfaced with other realities. The disadvantage is that
this places a great deal of importance on stability of the pocket reality and
navigation (you might end up on an unstable reality). For the GM, this can
be used to justify the creation and destruction of all sorts of realities. A
consideration is that a person traveling from one reality to another might
have different laws applied to them, and this can result in strange
interactions (preferably not as lethal as the one in the mini-module, The
Shunned House, in CORPS Organization Book 1).

     Converting To the Right Units
     While most measurements are done in either SI or I units of measurement,
a serious TimeLord (and nearly all NPC TimeLords who understand reality) will 
not bother using these archaic units of measurement which are too arbitrary 
and are only indirectly related to the workings of reality. Nearly all
TimeLords use measurements based on the workings of the reality they are
studying. For realities like the real world, the basic unit of measurement is
Rs-tSs or Rspace-timeS units. This is based on a single quantum unit of 
space-time. This is by definition the basic minimum wavicle of space-time.
Measurement devices are calibrated for this reality defined unit by:
measuring quantum events (like the foaming in a given region of space-
time of vacuum energy), by taking measurements off the event horizon
of a black hole (where space-time units are more measurable), or by
using the passage of lasers (This is an indirect method, and requires that
the laser be fired through quantum well RcorridorsS [usually made up of 
conductive plates] to minimize outside interferences. This is only used 
by TimeLords who are marooned in a reality that has yet to develop
better units of measurement or the base technology for reality traveling
so as to calibrate the tools and equipment in order to escape that reality.)
The reason for using s-t units is that they are the units by which all other
interactions in reality must abide by. Those who use the archaic units
of measurement refer to this as the Rlight barrierS or the Rspeed of lightS
which just prevents their understanding of reality. To those who use the
archaic units, acceleration (and mass/energy) is simply a function of s-t
units. From this unit, stability configurations are derived, which 
describes the allowable reactions for the reality and therefore the rules
of that reality. Usually the configurations are empirically derived since
every reality can have slightly different configurations which are
created upon the creation of that reality. These stability configurations
provide realties with stability, which is why they are given that name. 
Note that the Rspeed of lightS is considered indirect related to s-t units, 
since the stability configuration of a reality might cause photons to 
appear to suffer an effect like friction or exhibit unusually strong 
probabilistic behavior. Since those TimeLords who use these type of
measurements consider all other measurements systems, like SI and I, to be
inaccurate and imprecise and simply stupid, they are not very understandable
to others who have yet to move onto something more grounded in understanding 
reality. Despite the use of units based on reality, there are three types of 
measurement systems who have their adherents and detractors (those who use the 
other systems). Personally, I think it is just better to use whichever system 
is best suited to the situation, making conversions depending on which aspect 
of the situation you want to analyze, since the system you use can impose 
preconceptions of analysis that may not provide the best solution (like SI and 
I do not connect space-time measurements directly and requires using cluttered 
equations to provide for equivalence at the levels where quantum mechanical or 
general relativistic effects are very noticeable). By the way, the easiest way 
to annoy these TimeLords is to use the word RchrononS around them instead of 
Rs-tS since they consider that word as ignoring the whole point of binding 
space and time together. The three types of s-t system of measurements are: 
Binary s-t  (or BST), Waveform s-t (or WST), and Geometrical s-t (or GST).
     BST measurements is best known for the fact that it uses only binary
numbers (ones and zeroes). They use each quantum unit of space-time as a
Rblack boxS logic matrix with the logic determining the stability
configuration. The math used makes use of Boolean mathematics, often
in multidimensional matrix configuration for the more involved analysis.
This system is the most popular among TimeLords who are computer
oriented. There are some TimeLords who do all their computer
programming in using Binary Logic Analysis. When instructing beginners,
they usually use assorted abacus-like instruments that only have one bead
per spacing (ones and zeroes) to show calculations done in one-
dimensional analysis (an abacus that is a single row with slips of paper
above each that say what their logic gate is) and two-dimensional analysis
(an abacus with rows and columns with transparent RdoorsS that have 
logic gate information on each one).
     WST measurements is one those systems that do not really use numbers
in calculation or measurement. It is based on waves, using phases,
amplitudes, interferences, changes in RinertiaS, changes in RspringS, and
changes in RresistanceS. It uses what is called Quantum mathematics, in 
which light waves are the primary means to do the calculations. It uses
the smallest possible wave of probability that closes in on itself to form the
basis of their way of understanding reality. This system is the most
popular among TimeLords who are very interested in music and art
based on sounds or light. When instructing beginners, they usually
start off by demonstrating the principles using tanks of water with wave
making devices along with various barriers and various objects that
control the depth of the water. The placement of the barriers is based
on frequency to demonstrate things like quantum mechanical principles
of Rquantum barrier tunnelingS.
     GST measurements is another system that does not really use numbers
in calculations. It uses spheres, points, and curves to do measurements and
and calculations. It uses the same method as the WST to obtain units, 
though the way it is used for different intents. The refraction of (light)
waves and geometrical devices (triangles, straight-edges, protractors, 
compasses, etc.) are used to do measurements and mathematical analysis.
This system is popular among TimeLords who are interested in solid
art work (like sculptured) or drafting-related professions.

     Travel Or Bust
     At this point the aspiring TimeLord probably has enough information
as to whether or not it is possible to make a Matrix-like device. The most
important thing to consider is if the above results say it is safe to 
construct a device based on an artificial singularity (there is no point in 
trying if you get yourself killed by a blast of Hawking radiation from a small 
black hole). If it is, then you have the choice of trying to design a nuclear
explosive device that can implode enough matter/energy with sufficient
density to obtain a small black hole. When doing the calculations, you
will have to have the event horizon large enough to contain the
mass/energy you are confining (a kind of "chicken and the egg" problem).
A less dangerous method is to see if it is possible to use powerful
accelerators and/or lasers (mostly high frequencies for small wavelengths)
to get the mass/energy density. There have been two known attempts to
do this calculation (for causing cosmic inflation). One attempt was by
Guth, who said it would take about 20 pounds of mass (9 kg or 
8.1*10^17 J or 193.5 Megatons, minimum). Another attempt was by
Linde, who said it would take about a millionth of an ounce (2.5*10^9 J
or 0.602 tons of nuclear explosive, minimum). The actual energy needed
would be higher due to inefficiencies and repulsive forces and would
require configuring the implosion of energies to converge at a point at
almost the same time. It might be possible to get vacuum energy to take
up part of the difficulty, though it may not be able to handle it despite
being a potential source of vast energy (the upper limit of help from the
potential energy was once estimated to be about 10^9 kg of mass per 1cm^3 of 
empty space (unadjusted for any space-time distortions),  or about 1.08*10^-39
J for the approximate volume of a U238 nucleus). Another advantage with the 
second method is that it will be easier to try to control the result. 
Controlling it will require more experiments and information to be done. 
Another consideration is the properties of the singularity such as spin and 
shape. If the above methods cannot be done, then the only methods the GM might
allow are those based on the use of Power (psionics/magic) or some loophole
in the laws of reality  (probably electrical based out of sf tradition).

     Control Beyond an Impenetrable Barrier
     One of the greatest problems is what method can be used to control
something that is insulated by the discontinuity of reality itself.
Fortunately, there is a way to do it with the use of quantum mechanics
and force fields. Principles behind force fields are in the "ultra-tech"
section. The applied quantum mechanical principles were done by
Yakir Aharonov and colleagues. He had done work showing that in electro-
magnetic systems that an infinite potential barrier can be circumvented
using quantum mechanics in 1957 and that the quantum mechanical state
of a situation can be studied without the observer interfering with it 
(referred to as collapsing the wave-function) in the fall of 1993. These 
principles could be extrapolated for distortion in space-time (gravity) to 
alter the properties of the discontinuity in space-time as desired. 
Considerable experiments are needed to compare theoretical models with 
empirical results. This is needed, otherwise you would have no real control 
over the device.

     Convergent and Divergent Realities
     From the previous experiments, it can be established whether or not
entire realities can be made. A different consideration for the GM is
whether or not realities can diverge and converge, particularly with respect
to time travel, and to what extent. The idea behind divergent realities is
whether or not there might be alternate realities generated from choices
made (like what if the Axis won World War 2 worlds). The idea behind
convergent realities is that realities can overlap one another, resulting in
a composite reality with some uncertainty where there are differences in the
merging realities.