From: [C upi] at [clari.net] (UPI / AMY LOUISE KAZMIN)
Newsgroups: clari.world.asia.india,clari.news.alcohol+drugs
Subject: Prohibitionists gaining sway in India
Keywords: international, US government, non-usa government, social issues,
        substance abuse
Organization: Copyright 1996 by United Press International
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 1996 20:30:28 PDT
Location: India
                                         
UPI World Issues: India prohibition  

        DHARUHERA, India (UPI) -- Two hours drive from New Delhi there is an  
unassuming building in which the smell of beer permeates the air and the 
clinking of glass bottles echoes throughout. 
        Machines fill bottle after bottle with freshly brewed Sandpiper beer,  
cap them and seal them with gold foil. The bottles are then loaded into 
cartons for shipment to 12 Indian states. 
        Inertia Industries, despite its lethargic name, has been one of the  
fastest growing beer companies in India. In the four years since 
Sandpiper hit the market, daily production has jumped from 72,000 
bottles to more than 300,000. 
        This year, Inertia planned to boost production further -- to between  
400,000 to 500,000 bottles per day -- at the recently expanded plant. 
        But then came the elections.  
        Bansi Lal, the new chief minister of the state of Haryana, promised  
in his campaign that he would make it illegal to buy, sell, consume or 
produce alcohol in the farming state. 
        Lal won the election and carried out his promise within minutes of  
his inauguration. 
        The Sandpiper brewery now must close. Two other breweries and seven  
distilleries are also shutting down. 
        Industry analysts say 20,000 jobs will be lost by the shutdown of the  
10 Haryana plants. An additional 40,000 truckers, farmers and bottle 
producers will also be affected. 
        ``It's the will of the big politicians that the factories get locked,  
'' said a despondent Kirpal Singh, a malt machine operator at the 
Sandpiper brewery. ``I'll have to leave here in search of other work.'' 
        Officials estimate that prohibition will cost Haryana as much as  
$142.8 million in annual revenues, for which Lal's government has 
attempted to compensate by raising taxes and fees for state-provided 
services. 
        Power tariffs have already gone up by 10 to 50 percent; bus fares  
have jumped 25 percent, and the petrol sales tax is 3 percent higher. 
New taxes have also been levied on businesses and self-employed people. 
        Supporters of prohibition say that the cost, no matter how high, is  
worth the price to save Indian families torn apart by the scourge of 
alcoholism. 
        Despite a cultural ideal that frowns on drinking, alcoholism is a  
major problem at every level of Indian society. The consequences are 
particularly severe among the working classes, where men often spend 
large portions of their meager daily wages on booze while their families 
go without adequate food or shelter. 
        ``These drunkards started to be a law unto themselves,'' said Arjun  
Das Malik, commissioner of Haryana's Rothak district. ``They were a 
public nuisance. The families suffered. The neighborhood people 
suffered. The society was unable to control them.'' 
        Rakesh Yadav lives with her family in a simple mud-house near the  
brewery. Her family owns trucks that used to haul Sandpiper beer to 
other states. But Yadav, who has a baby daughter, supports the ban on 
alcohol production nonetheless. 
        ``A lot of women are fed up with the domestic violence and roughness  
that goes along with drinking,'' she said through a translator. 
        Yadav's brother-in-law, Manoj Kumar, elaborated. Before prohibition,  
he said, ``men would come home drunk. It was common for them to break 
their wives bones or bother the children.'' 
        Now, ``women are happier because their husbands are coming home on  
time, eating and going to sleep at a decent hour. Things generally run 
smoother.'' 
        Bansi Lal is not the first Indian politician to tap the discontent of  
rural women upset over their husband's drinking. 
        In 1993, cinema hero N.T. Rama Rao -- who built a career playing Hindu  
deities in religious movies -- was elected chief minister of the state of 
Andhara Pradesh after campaigning on a prohibition platform. 
        Rama Rao died last year, but Andhara Pradesh is still reeling from  
the loss of $362 million in annual revenues since prohibition was 
imposed. Despite new taxes on vehicles and consumer goods, the state's 
budget deficit is currently $242 million. 
        In April, the southern state of Kerala adopted a partial prohibition,  
banning the traditional brew, arrack, which is made from the sap of palm 
trees and was sold at tiny stalls in villages around the state. 
        The arrack ban was calculated to win support for Kerala's former  
Chief Minister M.K. Anthony among women, Muslims and the Christian 
clergy before last spring's vote. But Anthony's Congress party lost to 
the Communists, who challenged him to ban hard liquor if he was serious 
about combating alcoholism. 
        In the meantime, the arrack ban, which took affect on April 1, will  
cost the state an estimated $10 million each year. 
        Despite the drastic economic implications, many observers predict  
prohibition will spread as politicians embrace a cause that has clearly 
proven to be a winner. 
        ``Everybody wants an election issue,'' said Vijay Kapoor, technical  
director of the Sandpiper brewery. 
        Some experts insist that a total ban on booze is far from the best  
way to deal with alcoholism. They say prohibiting liquor consumption 
simply creates networks of smugglers and home brewers who encourage 
people to drink even more than when alcohol was legal. 
        In Haryana, a small state surrounded on four sides by ``wet'' states,  
smuggling will be especially easy. 
        ``It is not going to work,'' said sociologist M.N. Panini, of the  
Jawaharlal Nehru University. ``It will have a boomerang effect. Instead 
of suppressing alcoholism, it will encourage more alcoholism. It will 
create anarchy within the system.'' 
        Panini also warned of increased police corruption, as officers accept  
bribes in exchange for turning a blind eye from alcohol smuggling or 
consumption. 
        ``This gives the police enormous powers,'' Panini said. ``They have  
access to pry into anybody's home to find out whether they possess one 
or two bottles of rum.'' 
        Instead of total prohibition, critics say Haryana should adopt a  
pricing policy to encourage consumption of drinks like beer, which has a 
lower alcohol content than the hard liquor now favored by the working 
classes. 
        Haryana also faces pressure from the state's powerful hotel and  
restaurant owners, who are clamoring for permission to serve drinks to 
their customers. 
        Without such a legal loophole, hotel owners say they stand to lose  
millions of dollars of business each year, as pleasure-seeking tourists 
seek wetter pastures. 
        Meanwhile, Inertia owner Sunil Tandon, who has $10 million invested  
in the brewery, has filed a lawsuit saying his factory should be allowed 
to produce beer for sale in other states. Tandon's factory stands just 2 
miles (4 kms) from Haryana's border with neighboring Rajasthan, where 
hard liquor and beer flow without any restrictions. 
        ``If we are allowed to run the unit and sell beer to adjoining  
states, why should the government object,'' Tandon said. ``It is totally 
arbitrary.'' 
        Brewery worker Kirpal Singh has seen all this before. Singh, from an  
impoverished Himalayan mountain village, was employed at a brewery in 
Andhara Pradesh that was shut down when prohibition was imposed there. 
        He is bitter about the potential loss of a second job and the $62  
monthly salary with which he supports his wife and two children. 
        ``The women who are having problems should have control over their  
husbands,'' Singh said. ``They shouldn't ask to shut down a whole 
factory that affects all the employees and all their families.''