From: [b--o--h] at [mdd.comm.mot.com] (Greg Booth)
Newsgroups: talk.politics.guns
Subject: Citizens Self Defense
Date: 3 Jan 1994 09:25:17 -0800
10. Citizens self defense
o Kennesaw, Georgia, passed a law *requiring* a head of
household to have a firearm and ammunition for it. Their crime
rate dropped to 25 percent of what it had been in the first
year of that law, and dropped more the second year. It remains
low even though the population of the city has more than
doubled since then."Armed and Female" by Paxton Quigley, in
the chapter titled "The politics of self-defense"."Firearms
and Violence" by Don B. Kates, Jr.
"Crime Control through the Private Use of Armed Force" by
Professor Gary Kleck that appeared in the 2/88 issue of *Social
Problems*. The American Rifleman had a short review of this article
in the 7/88 issue entitled: "Armed Citizens & Crime Control" by
Paul H. Blackman, Ph.D.
The following chart is from the American Rifleman article:
Attack, Injury and Crime Completion Rates in Robbery Incidents
Method of % Com- % Attacked % Injured Num Times
Self Protection pleted
Used(a)
Used gun 30.9 25.2 17.4 89,009
Used Knife 35.2 55.6 40.3 59,813
Used other weapon 28.9 41.5 22.0 104,700
Used physical force 50.1 75.6 50.8 653,880
Tried to get help or
frighten offender 63.9 73.5 48.9 1,516,141
Threatened or
reasoned with
offender 53.7 48.1 30.7 955,398
Nonviolent resistance,
including evasion 50.8 54.7 34.9 1,539,895
Other measures 48.5 47.3 26.5 284,423
Any self-protection 52.1 60.8 38.2 4,603,671
No self-protection 88.5 41.5 24.7 2,686,960
Total 65.4 53.7 33.2 7,290,631
Attack, Injury and Crime Completion Rates in Assault Incidents
Method of % Attacked % Injured Estimated
Self Protection Num Times Used(a)
Used gun 23.2 12.1 386,083
Used Knife 46.4 29.5 123,062
Used other weapon 41.4 25.1 454,570
Used physical force 82.8 52.1 6,638,823
Tried to get help
or frighten offender 55.2 40.1 4,383,117
Threatened or
reasoned with offender 40.0 24.7 5,743,008
Nonviolent resistance,
including evasion 40.0 25.5 8,935,738
Other measures 36.1 20.7 1,451,103
Any self-protection 49.5 30.7 21,801,957
No self-protection 39.9 27.3 6,154,763
Total 47.3 29.9 27,956,719
Notes: (a) Separate frequencies these columns do add totals in "Any
self-protection" row since a single criminal incident can involve
more than self-protection method. Sources: Analysis of incident
files of 1979-1985 National Crime Survey public use computer tapes
(ICPSR,1987b).
"Robbery and assault victims who used firearms for protection were
less likely to be attacked or injured than victims who responded
in any other manner. Only 17% of those using guns to resist
attempted robbery and 12% using guns to resist assault suffered any
kind of injuries. 25% of robbery victims and 27% of assault victims
who did not resist were injured anyway."
"...Dr. Kleck estimates annually, "gun-wielding civilians in self-
defense or some other legally justified cause" kill between 1,500
and 2,800 felons -- or 2 1/2 to seven times as many criminals as
are shot dead by police."
"Dr. Kleck estimates "there were about 8,700-16,600 non- fatal,
legally permissible woundings of criminals by gun armed civilians"
annually, and "the rest of the one million estimated defensive gun
uses, over 98% involved neither killings nor woundings but rather
warning shots fired or guns pointed or referred to."
"Significantly, Dr. Kleck notes that the victimization surveys
actually exaggerated the association of injury with gun-resistance
since the surveys generally fail to ask whether the injury occurs
after and because of resistance or whether the injury occurred
first. In a supplemental questionnaire, however, it was found that
most injuries to armed resisters preceded their resistance: "For
cases involving robbery and attack, forceful self-protection
actions never preceded the attack ... even the minority of the
cases where forceful self-protective acts were accompanied by
attacks on the victim, few incidents support the contention that
the victim's defensive action provoked the attack."
"As Dr. Kleck puts it in his study: "When victims use guns to resist
crimes, the crimes usually are disrupted and the victims not
injured."
o The NRA/ILA Research & Information Division (1600 Rhode
Island Ave., N.W.
o Washington DC 20036)
o will provide a pamphlet that reprints the following two
analyses on the
o Florida CCW law statistics:
o
o Marion Hammer, "Pro-Gun Laws - They Work!" Guns & Ammo, Nov.
'91, pp. 22-23 andGary Kleck, excerpt from his book "Point
Blank: Guns & Violence in America"
o "Both of these are based on the "Concealed Weapons / Firearms
License Statistical Report for the Period 10/01/87 - 10/31/
91" issued by the Florida Department of State's Division of
Licensing (P.O. Box 6687, Tallahassee, FL 32314-6687).
o This one-page report states as follows:
o
o 112,528 Applications Received
85,662 New
26,866 Renewal
109,377 Licenses Issued
82,756 New
26,621 Renewal
768 Applications Denied
446 Criminal History
302 Incomplete Application
167 Licenses Revoked
66 Clemency rule change or legislative change
77 Crime after licensure (10 = firearm utilized)
6 Crime prior to licensure (2 = firearm utilized)
10 Illegible prints with no response
8 Other
12 Reinstated (no statistics maintained prior to Jan.
'90)
----------- These stats are the sum total of the report --
----------
What this amounts to is the following good news:
167 licenses revoked = .15% (one-sixth of 1%) of licenses
issued
i.e. 15 in 10,000 licenses were revoked
77 licenses revoked for a crime after licensure = .07%
(seven hundreths of 1%)
i.e. only 7 in 10,000 licenses were revoked for a crime
10 licenses revoked for crime with a gun = .009%
i.e. less than 1 in 10,000 licenses were revoked for a
crime with a gun
See Hammer and Kleck references (above) for more analysis.
o "Do you remember Kennesaw, Georgia? In 1982, a municipal
ordinance was passed requiring every homeowner to own a
firearm. Since the passage of that act, there has been only
one homicide in the town, and that did not involve firearms.
Home burglaries were reduced from 11 per thousand residents
to three, though the population of the town has nearly
doubled." [Jeff Cooper, "Cooper's Corner", GUNS & AMMO, Dec.
91, p. 97]
o In Portland Oregon in 1989 17 CCW (Carry Concealed Weapon)
permits were issued, in 1990 2500 CCW permits were issued, in
1990 the murder rate in Portland DROPPED by 33%."Second
Amendment Foundation Reporter", Fall 1990 issue. An article
titled "Research: Portland Concealed Weapons Permits Credited
With Homicide Reduction" includes the 33% reduction figure.
o The Gun Culture and Its Enemies" by William R. Tonso notes a
number of cases where an increase in the number of armed
citizens decreased the crime rate:
o "In Detroit, Michigan, grocery robberies declined 90% after
a firearms training program for grocers was instituted by a
grocer's association.
o Highland Park, Michigan, police trained storekeepers to shoot
producing a dramatic decrease in store robberies from 80 in
the previous four months to none in the subsequent four month
period.
o In New Orleans, Louisiana, pharmacy robberies dropped from
three per week to three in six months."
o "In California, statistics prove that every 8 minutes an
innocent civilian defends his or her own life with a gun."
[Dr. Jeanne L. Gilkey, "Fight Smart", GUNS & AMMO, Jun. 91,
p. 95]
o In Orlando, Florida, in 1966 a series of brutal rapes swept
the community. Citizens reacted to the tripling in the rate
of rape over the previous year by buying handguns for self-
defence; 200-300 firearms were being purchased each week from
dealers, and an unknown number more from private parties. The
newspaper there, the _Orlando Sentinel Star_, had an anti-gun
editorial stance and tried to pressure the local police chief
and city government to stop the flow of arms.
When that tactic failed, the paper decided that in the interest of
public safety, they would sponsor a gun- training seminar in
conjunction with the local police. Plans were made for a one-day
training course at a local city park.
Plans were made for an expected 400-500 women. However, more than
2500 women arrived, and brought with them every conceivable kind
of firearm. They had to park many blocks away, and the weapons were
carried in purses, paper bags, boxes, briefcases, holsters, and
womens' hands. One police officer present said he'd never been so
scared in his life.
Swamped, the organizers hastily dismissed the women with promises
for a more thorough course with scheduled appointments. The course
offered was for three classes/ week, and within 6 months, the
Orlando police had trained more than 6000 women in basic pistol
marksmanship and the law of self-defense.
The results?
In 1966 there were 36 rapes per 100,000 people in Orlando, triple
the 1965 rate. In 1967, there were 4. Before the training, rape
rates had been increasing in Orlando as nationwide. 5 years after
the training, rape was still below pre-training levels in Orlando,
but up 308% in the surrounding areas, 96% for Florida overall, and
64% nationally.
Also in 1967, violent assault and burglary decreased by 25% in
Orlando, in addition to the rape reductions.
In 1967, NOT A SINGLE WOMAN HAD FIRED HER WEAPON in self- defense.
In 1967, NOT A SINGLE WOMAN HAD TURNED HER GUN ON HER HUSBAND OR
BOYFRIEND.(No data are available for later years.)
The reason the program worked so spectacularly well is that it was
widely known that Orlando women had the means and training to
defend themselves from attackers. Rapists, being (somewhat) human,
they are learning engines; they took their business elsewhere--to
the detriment of the defenseless in those other locations
o "The Factual Foundation for Certain Key Assumptions of Gun
Control" by Gary Kleck and David Bordua appeared in "Law and
Police Quarterly" in August 1983. It describes the Orlando,
Florida women's gun training program which reduced rape rates
from 35.91 per 100000 population to 4.18 per 100000 in 1967.
"In 1966 in Orlando, Florida, the police embarked on a highly
publicized firearms training program for 2,500 women in response
to the rising rape rate. The next year, rape decreased by more than
80 percent in that area! This sounded almost too good to be true,
so I tracked down the police chief of Orlando at the time, Carlisle
Johnstone, and phoned him to discuss what happened. He praised the
women he had instructed, detailing how not one of the thousands
they instructed had misused firearms or had any accidents. "The
rape rate of Orlando decreased because the criminals became aware
that women were serious about protecting themselves and had an
effective means of doing so--firearms." [Nancy Bittle,
"Women...Are You Aware of Your Gun Rights?", GUNS & AMMO, Aug. 91,
p. 21]
o o In Florida since the gun laws have been modified to allow
women who qualify to carry a gun concealed, the reported rape
rate has DROPPED by 90%.
o "A study conducted by the St. Louis University School of Law
found that armed citizens were exceedingly responsible in
carrying handguns on the street. The study found that while
police were successful in shooting or driving off criminals
68 percent of the time, private citizens succeeded in 83
percent of their encounters. Most importantly, while 11
percent of the individuals involved in police shootings were
later found to be innocents misidentified as criminals, only
2 percent of those in civilian shootings were so
misidentified. In light of the fact that in urban areas
private citizens encounter and kill up to three times as many
criminals as do law enforcement authorities, the track record
of the private citizen is very impressive indeed." [Marion P.
Hammer, "Pro-Gun Laws - They Work!", GUNS & AMMO, Nov. 91, p.
92]
o A recent study in the US found that an individual was much
more likely to be a victim of violent crime in an area with
strict gun control laws, than in an area with lax gun laws.
o Social Problems Journal of the Society for the Study of Social
Problems Volume 35 No. 1 February 1988 pages 1-21 Crime
Control Through the Private Use of Armed Force, Gary Kleck,
School of Criminology, Florida State Univ., Tallahasse
o Abstract (from article)
"Legal defensive violence by private citizens armed with firearms
is a significant form of social control in the United States.
Evidence indicates that private gun use against violent criminals
and burglars is common and about as frequent as legal actions like
arrests, is a more prompt negative consequence of crime than legal
punishment and is often far more severe. In 1980 about 1,500-2,800
felons were legally killed by gun-wielding civilians, about 8,700-
16,000 were nonfatally wounded and guns were used defensively about
one million times. Victim resistance with guns is associated with
lower rates of both victim injury and crime completion for
robberies and assaults than any other victim action, including non-
resistance. Survey and quasi-experimental evidence is consistent
with the hypothesis that private ownership and use of firearms
deters criminal behavior".
The one million uses refers to all guns, and in the article the
estimate of 645,000 defensive uses for handguns is made. This may
be the source for the frequently quoted 600,000 figure. (The 95%
confidence interval is given as 468,000 - 822,000.) Note that
defensive use does not mean that the gun was fired, and it appears
that in the majority of defensive uses the gun was not fired.
o In the US an estimated 1,000,000 times each year firearms are
used by private citizens in self-defence (to deter, prevent
or stop a crime). Handguns were used approximately 645,000
times a year in self-protection, with an additional 350,000
self-defence uses of rifles and shotguns This resulted in 1500
to 2800 justifiable killings (0.15% to 0.28%) and 8700 to
16600 non-fatal legally permissible woundings (0.87% to
1.66%). The remaining 98% involved neither killings nor
woundings but rather warning shots fired or guns pointed or
referred to. "Crime Control through the Private Use of Armed
Force" Professor Gary Kleck, Feb 88, Social Problems.
o A 1979 US Justice Department study of 32,000 attempted rapes
show that overall, when rape is attempted, the completion rate
is 36%. But when a woman defends herself with a gun, the
completion rate drops to 3%. Overall victimization studies
show that for all violent crimes, including assault, rape, and
robbery, the safest course for the victim is to resist with a
firearm. The second safest course is passive compliance with
the attacker, but this tactic approximately doubles the
probability of death or injury for the victim. All other
tactics (mace, whistles, hand-to-hand combat, screams, and so
forth) have even worse outcomes.
o From [l--ts--v] at [mainstream.com] Fri Jul 23 17:04:08 1993
o Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1993 20:01:57 -0400
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o Subject: GET RKBA CCW-SURVEY
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o Archive RKBA: file ccw-survey, part 1/1, size 18729 bytes:
o
o ------------------------------ Cut here --------------------
----------
o
WARNING: None of the information herein contained may be used as
the basis
for, or in conjunction with, taking any actions, or forming any
opinions on
questions of the law. No claims are made as to the accuracy,
currency, and
applicability of this document, in regards to the law or issues
adjudicated
by the various courts. Before taking any action which could
possibly be in
contravention to the law, always consult your qualified legal
professional.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
1. Does the state issue possession or purchase permits for
handguns? (O/P/U)
2. Does the state issue open carry permits for handguns? (O/P/U)
3. Does the state issue concealed carry permits for handguns? (O/
P/U)
4. Is the permit discretionary in actual practice? (Y/N)
5. Is the permit valid statewide? (Y/N/D)
6. What is the initial duration of a permit? (in months)
7. What is the renewal duration of a permit? (in months)
8. What is the application cost for the permit? (in $$)
9. What is the renewal cost for the permit? (in $$)
10. Does the permit require fingerprints? (Y/N/D)
11. Does the permit require drug testing? (Y/N/D)
12. Does the permit require background checks? (Y/N/D)
13. Does the permit require proof of training/knowledge? (Y/N/D)
14. Does the permit require citing a reason listed in statute? (Y/
N/D)
15. Is a permit available to nonresidents? (Y/N/D)
16. Does a nonresident permit require possession of home state
permit? (Y/N)
17. What is the initial duration of a nonresident permit? (in
months)
18. What is the renewal duration of a nonresident permit? (in
months)
19. What is the application cost for the nonresident permit? (in
$$)
20. What is the renewal cost for the nonresident permit? (in $$)
21. Does the state honor other states' permits? (Y/N)
22. Relative Score on the Gun Rights Index (GRI); values 0-99,
rounded.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
D = Discretionary, upon the discretion/need of the issuing
authority
I = Irrelevant, this question does not apply or is irrelevant
O = Open, this action/activity is open to all lawful individuals
P = Permit, a permit is required for this action/activity
N = No
U = Unlawful, this practice is unlawful to virtually all
individuals
Y = Yes
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
GRI Scoring: (Answers without listed values do not affect the
score)
1: O = 33, P = 22
2: O = 33, P = 22
3: O = 33, P = 22
4: Y = -11
5: N = -5, D = -3
6: x/24, max of 5
7: x/24, max of 5
8: -x/25, max of -5
9: -x/25, max of -5
10: Y = -2, D = -1
11: Y = -2, D = -1
12: Y = -2, D = -1
13: Y = -2, D = -1
14: Y = -2, D = -1
15: N = -5, D = -3
16: Y = -1
17: x/24, max of 5
18: x/24, max of 5
19: -x/25, max of -5
20: -x/25, max of -5
21: N = -5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21.
22.
--+--.--.--.--.--.---.---.---.---.--.--.--.--.--.--.--.---.---.--
-.---.--.---.
AK| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
AL| O. P. P. N. Y. 12. 12. 15. 15. N. N. D. N. N. . . . . . . Y. 76.
AR| O. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 33.
AS| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AZ| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
CA| P. P. P. Y. Y. 12. 12. 28. . N. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I. I.
N. 42.
CO| O. O. P. Y. Y. . . . . . . Y. . . N. . . . . . N. 65.
CT| O. P. P. N. Y. 60. 60.25+. . Y. N. Y. Y. N. Y. . . . . . N. 69.
DC| U. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 0.
DE| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83.
FL| O. P. P. N. Y. 36. 36.160.135. Y. N. Y. Y. N. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 54.
FM| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GA| O. O. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 32. 32. Y. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 76.
GU| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HI| P. P. P. Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 50.
IA| P. P. P. Y. Y. 12. 12. 5. 2. N. N. Y. Y. Y. Y. N. 12. 12. 5.
2. N. 46.
ID| O. O. P. N. Y. 48. 48.20+. 12. D. N. D. D. N. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 77.
IL| P. U. U. Y. N. 60. 60. 5. 5. N. N. N. N. N. Y. N. 12. 12. I.
I. N. 7.
IN| O. O. P. N. Y. 48. 48. 25. 25. Y. N. Y. N. Y.?N. I. I. I. I.
I. Y. 79.
KS| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
KY| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
LA| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?Y. 88.
MA| P. P. P. Y. Y.<60. 60. 10. 10. Y. N. Y. D. Y. Y. N. 12. 12. 10.
10. N. 54.
MD| O. P. P. Y. Y.<36. 36. 25. 25. Y. N. Y. N. Y. . . . . . . N. 56.
ME| O. O. P. N. Y. 36. 36. 60. 30. D. N. Y. Y. N. Y. N. 36. 36. 80.
40. N. 81.
MH| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MI| P. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . Y. . . . . . Y. 66.
MN| P. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 61.
MO| P. O. P. . N. . . . . . . Y. . Y. N. . . . . . N. 58.
MP| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MS| O. O. P. N. Y. 36. 36.100.100. Y. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 69.
MT| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83.
NC| P. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. D. D. D. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 52.
ND| O. U. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 50.
NE| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
NH| O. O. P. N. Y. 24. 24. 4. 4. D. N. Y. N. Y. Y. N. 24. 24. 10.
10. N. 81.
NJ| P. P. P. Y. . . . . . Y. . Y. D. . Y. . . . . . N. 45.
NM| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
NV| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83.
NY| P. P. P. Y. N.Lif. I. 45. I. Y. N. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. . . . . N. 43.
OH| P. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 55.
OK| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
OR| O. O. P. N. Y. 24. 24. 50. 25. Y. N. Y. Y. N. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 71.
PA| O. P. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 13. . N. N. Y. N. Y. Y. Y. 60. 60. 13.
.. N. 80.
PR| P. P. P. Y. N. 36. 36.350.250. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 22.
PW| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RI| O. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . Y. . . . . . N. 72.
SC| O. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . N. . . . . . N. 67.
SD| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83.
TN| O. U. U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 28.
TX| O. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 33.
UT| O. U. P. N. Y. ?. ?. 35. 5. Y. N. Y. Y. N. Y. N. ?. ?. 35. 5.
N. 44.
VA| O. O. P. Y. Y. 24. 24. 10. 10. Y. N. Y. N. Y. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?.
?. ?. 62.
VI| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. .
VT| O. O. O. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 99.
WA| O. P. P. N. Y. 48. 48. 23. 15. Y. N. D. N. D. Y. N. 48. 48. 23.
15. N. 78.
WI| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66.
WV| O. O. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 70. 50. N. N. Y. Y. Y. N. I. I. I. I.
I. N. 72.
WY| O. O. P. Y. N. 36. 36. 0. 0. N. N. Y. N. Y. Y. N. 36. 36. 0.
0. N. 69.
--+--.--.--.--.--.---.---.---.---.--.--.--.--.--.--.--.---.---.--
-.---.--.---.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21.
22.
Notes:
all numeric values are approximations, rounded where necessary
AL- 2:License for carry in a vehicle, open or concealed.
AL-12:Check common in large cities, most counties just a few day
wait.
AR- 2:Carry "with a purpose to employ it as a weapon against a
person" illegal.
AR- 3:Carry "with a purpose to employ it as a weapon against a
person" illegal.
AZ- 3:Violation is class 1 misdemeanor, 6 mo. maximum jail
sentence.
CA- 1:Except for handguns defined as "assault weapons".
CA- 2:Open carry is legal in unincorporated areas except where
prohibited.
CA- 4:There is a wide variety of issuance policies throughout the
state.
CA- 8:Application cost may vary.
CA-13:State does not require training, but many counties/cities do.
CO- 2:Except in some cities.
CO- 3:Get a permit from a town, then the state.
CT- 3:One must obtain a local permit before issuance of State
permit.
CT- 4:Reasons for denial are statutory, and there is a binding
appeal process.
CT- 8:Local permit ~$25, state permit $25.
CT-10:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State
permit.
CT-12:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State
permit.
CT-13:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State
permit.
DC- 1:Handgun moratorium since September 24, 1976.
FL-15:Non-resident licenses only to "Consular Officers of Foreign
Governments".
GA- 2:No permit required to hunt or transport.
GA- 3:Open carry for protection requires same permit as for
concealed carry.
IA-10:Fingerprints required for non-resident/professional permits.
IA-15:Only professional permit (security guard, FFL) available to
non-residents.
ID- 8:Fees variable: $20 + reasonable costs; Idaho County quoted
$30.
ID-15:No non-resident applications accepted after 7/1/91.
ID-17:Old non-resident permits good until expiration.
IL- 3:Exceptions for people of influence and power.
IL- 5:Chicago requires registration. Certain suburbs have banned
handguns.
IL-15:Non-residend hunting license serves as gun owner
identification card.
IN- 3:Available to residents or those who work in the state.
IN- 8:Local $10, state $15 for CCW, and $5 open only.
IN- 9:Local $10, state $15 for CCW, and $5 open only.
IN-14:Answer: "For protection of myself, my family, and the State
of Indiana."
IN-21:Will honor out-of-state CCW for travellers.
KS- 1:Purchase permit may be required in certain cities or
counties.
MA- 2:Same as CCW. Open carry strongly discouraged, much hassled.
MA- 3:Hard to get in Cambridge/Boston.
MA- 4:40 day appl. process. Inaction/rejection appeals go to
district court.
MA- 5:Illegal: carry on school grounds, unattended handgun in motor
vehicle.
MA- 6:Expires on applicant's birthday, four years after issuance.
MA-14:Must be suitable person and have specific need for "all
lawful purposes".
MA-15:Two types available, with differing requirements.
MA-17:24 mo. license available for cash businesses, P.I.s, or
military.
MA-18:24 mo. license available for cash businesses, P.I.s, or
military.
MA-19:$20 for the 24 mo. license.
MA-20:$20 for the 24 mo. license.
MD- 6:Expires on last day of birth month, two years after issuance.
ME- 2:Open carry is legal, expect looks from some people.
ME- 3:Handguns must be unloaded in the car if you do not possess a
CCW.
ME- 4:Resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within
30 days.
ME-12:Non-resident must supply official driving record, criminal
records check.
ME-15:Non-resident permit must be issued or denied with cause
within 60 days.
MI- 2:Must posses license for carry in a vehicle, open or
concealed.
MO- 1:Permit with background check required for each handgun
purchase.
MO- 2:Open carry walking around; no carry in vehicles.
MO- 3:For cash/high-value businesses, only on-site & on-duty.
NC- 1:Purchase permit $5 in one county, others may differ.
NC- 3:Exceptions in extreme need (by court order), as determined
by the state.
NC-12:In reference to purchase permit, only.
NC-13:In reference to purchase permit, only.
NC-14:In reference to purchase permit, only.
ND- 2:Loaded carry prohibited.
NH-14:Accepted reasons are "protection" and "target shooting".
NH-16:Want copy of CCW from home state if exists, or clean record
letter.
NM- 2:It's legal to keep a loaded gun in your car.
NM- 3:Illegal concealed carry is often ignored; can carry
`unloaded'.
NV- 3:CCW may be granted by county sheriff on written application.
NY- 3:NYC, people of influence, or `need'. Rest of state varies by
county.
NY- 5:State permit no good in NYC, but NYC permit also valid in
rest of state.
NY- 6:State permit issued for life; NYC permit issued for 2 years.
NY- 8:Fees vary by county.
OH- 1:Purchase permit may be required in certain cities or
counties.
OR- 4:Resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within
45 days.
OR-15:Wording of law now requires residence in county of
application.
OR-21:'Equivalent' permits recognized. No out-of-state permits
meet this test.
PA- 2:License for carry in a vehicle, open or concealed.
PA- 3:Discretionary in Philadelphia.
PA- 4:45 day application process.
PA- 5:Illegal: carry on school grounds
PA-14:Personal protection reason accepted without prejudice.
PA-15:Must already possess CCW in home state.
RI-15:Usually denied on first try; after complaint, approved on
second try.
TN- 2:Except licensed private investigators, handgun hunters,
cops.
TN- 3:Except licensed private investigators, handgun hunters,
cops.
TX- 2:Except for "travellers" (i.e. crossing multiple county
lines).
TX- 3:Except for "travellers" (i.e. crossing multiple county
lines).
UT- 1:Possession of weapon authorized, permit or license not
required.
UT- 2:Loaded firearm carry in vehicle or on public street is
unlawful.
UT- 4:Permit must be issued or denied with cause within 60 days.
UT-12:Character references, photographs, employment & residential
history.
UT-13:Specifies "evidence of weapons familiarity".
UT-15:Nonresidents traveling may possess unloaded, cased firearm
in vehicle.
VA- 1:Must pass `instant' computer background check for purchase.
VA-14:"For lawful defense and security" is sufficient, by statute.
VT- 2:Carry "with the intent or purpose of injuring another"
prohibited.
VT- 3:Carry "with the intent or purpose of injuring another"
prohibited.
VT- 3:In Montpelier, Rutland & St. Albans: town ordinances ban
loaded carry.
WA- 1:Purchase application on buying; buyers with no CCW must wait
five days.
WA- 2:License required for loaded carry in a vehicle, open or
concealed.
WA- 3:Local ordinances may not contradict or be more restrictive
than state law.
WA- 4:Must be issued/denied with cause within 30 days. Routinely
exceeded.
WA-14:Contrary to law, some agencies require that reasons be
provided.
WA-15:Non-resident permit must be issued or denied with cause
within 60 days.
WV- 8:Application fee of $20 and license fee of $50.
WY- 3:Violation is misdemeanor, $750 maximum fine, 6 mo. maximum
jail sentence.
WY- 4:Sheriff may issue to travelers, merchant police, private
detectives, etc.
WY- 5:Issued at personal discretion of Sheriff, may be valid only
their county.
AK-Alaska AL-Alabama AR-Arkansas
AS-American Samoa AZ-Arizona CA-California
CO-Colorado CT-Connecticut DC-District of Columbia
DE-Delaware FL-Florida FM-Federated Micronesia
GA-Georgia GU-Guam HI-Hawaii
IA-Iowa ID-Idaho IL-Illinois
IN-Indiana KS-Kansas KY-Kentucky
LA-Lousiana MA-Massachussetts MD-Maryland
ME-Maine MH-Marshall Islands MI-Michigan
MN-Minnesota MO-Missouri MP-Mariana Islands
MS-Mississippi MT-Montana NC-North Carolina
ND-North Dakota NE-Nebraska NH-New Hampshire
NJ-New Jersey NM-New Mexico NV-Nevada
NY-New York OH-Ohio OK-Oklahoma
OR-Oregon PA-Pennsylvania PR-Puerto Rico
PW-Palau Islands RI-Rhode Island SC-South Carolina
SD-South Dakota TN-Tennessee TX-Texas
UT-Utah VA-Virginia VI-Virgin Islands
VT-Vermont WA-Washington WI-Wisconsin
WV-West Virginia WY-Wyoming
-----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
Contact for more information:
.. . .
State of Arizona
(602) 542-4266 Attorney
General Grant Woods
Department of Law
1275
W. Washington St.
Phoenix, AZ 85007
.. . .
State of Florida
Dept. of State
(904) 488-0039 Division of
Licensing
P.O.
Box 6687
Tallahassee, FL 32304-6687
.. . .
Indiana State Police
(317) 232-8264 Firearms
Licensing/CCW
.. . .
State of Iowa
(515) 281-5261 Attorney
General
Bonnie J. Campbell
Wallace State Office Bldg.
Des
Moines, IA 50319
Paul H. Wieck II, Commissioner Department of Public Safety
(515) 281-3211 Administrative
Services Division
Judy Cross (515) 281-5149 Weapons Permit Section
Administrative Assistant Wallace State Office Bldg.
Des
Moines, IA 50319-0040
.. . .
Commissioner John R. Atwood Maine State Police
Col. Andrew E. Demers, Chief Licensing Divison
Lt. Peter A. McCarthy (207) 582-8765 Gardiner Annex
State House Station, #35
Augusta, ME 04333
.. . .
State of Massachussetts
Department of Public Safety
"firearms records" (617) 566-4500 Firearms & CCW Licensing
1010
Commonwealth Ave.
Boston, MA 02135
.. . .
State of New Hampshire
Department of Safety
Division of State Police
10
Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03305
.. . .
Allegheny County
Sheriff's Office
Deputy Juran (412) 355-4700 Room 111,
Courthouse
firearms affairs Pittsburgh, PA 15219
(717) 265-1701 Bradford County
Sheriff's Office
(717) 697-0371 Cumberland
County Sheriff's Off.
(717) 261-3805 Franklin County
Sheriff's Office
(717) 327-2280 Lycoming County
Sheriff's Office
(717) 988-4155 Northumberland
C. Sheriff's Off.
(717) 771-9601 York County
Sheriff's Office
.. . .
State of Utah
(801) 538-1015 Attorney
General
R.
Paul Van Dam
Joseph E. Tesch 236 State Capitol
Chief Deputy Attorney General Salt Lake City, UT 84114
Ronald L. Probert
Chief, Investigations
Department of Public Safety
Regulatory Licensing
4501
S. 2700 West
Salt
Lake City, UT 84119
.. . .
State of West Virginia
(304) 348-2021 Office of the
Attorney General
Charleston, WV 25305
.. . .
Albany County
Deputy Debre (307) 721-2526 Sheriff Gary Puls
525
Grant
Laramie, WY 82070
------------------------------ Cut here -------------------------
-----
From Andrew Ford. [f--r--a] at [postoffice.agcs.com] Fri Jul 23 16:03:25
1993
Comparison of Gun Rights vs Violent Crime.
Note that on average, the higher the individual gun rights, the
lower the crime rates in every category except rape. Note also
that rape includes both reported successful rapes and reported
attempted rapes: successful rapes are very rarely to reported.
Attempted rapes, especially in those cases where the intended
victim has shot her attacker, are far more likely to be reported.
I've tried to find a break out of rape vs attempted, but have not
been successful. I could have left Rape out, but that didn't seem
too honest.
0 is lowest gun rights (harshest restrictions)
99 is most liberal gun ownership rights.
NOTE: rates are in crimes per 100,000 people, unless otherwise
specified.
Gun Crime Vio- Prop- Homi- Rape
Rights Index lent erty cide
Index Total Crime Crime **' **''
Average for:
Top third 41 5995.7 778.3 5217.4 12.2 38.5
Middle third 66 5181.5 517.5 4664.0 7.0 41.6
Bottom third 80 4742.7 419.6 4323.1 6.1 39.3
D. C. 0 10774.3 2458.2 8316.0 77.8 49.9
Illinois 7 5935.1 967.4 4967.7 10.3 39.4
Tennessee 28 5051.0 670.4 4380.6 10.5 49.5
Texas 33 7826.8 761.4 7065.3 14.1 51.5
Arkansas 33 4866.9 532.2 4334.7 10.3 43.3
California 42 6603.6 1045.2 5558.4 11.9 42.6
New York 43 6363.8 1180.9 5182.8 14.5 29.8
Utah 44 5659.9 283.9 5376.0 3.0 37.8
New Jersey 45 5447.2 647.6 4799.7 5.6 29.8
Iowa 46 4100.9 299.7 3801.2 1.9 18.4
N. Dakota 50 2922.4 73.9 2848.5 0.8 17.8
Hawaii 50 6106.7 280.9 5825.8 4.0 32.5
N. Carolina 52 5485.9 623.5 4862.3 10.7 34.3
Florida 54 8810.8 1244.3 7566.5 10.7 52.4
Massachusetts 54 5297.9 736.3 4561.5 4.0 33.7
Ohio 55 4843.4 506.2 4337.3 6.1 46.8
Maryland 56 5830.5 919.0 4911.5 11.5 45.7
Missouri 58 5120.6 715.3 4405.3 8.8 32.5
Minnesota 61 4538.8 306.1 4232.7 2.7 34.0
Virginia 62 4440.6 350.6 4090.0 8.8 31.0
Colorado 65 6053.7 526.0 5527.8 4.2 46.2
New Mexico 66 6684.1 780.2 5903.9 9.2 49.7
Kentucky 66 3299.4 390.4 2909.1 7.2 29.0
Oklahoma 66 5598.7 547.5 5051.2 8.0 47.0
Wisconsin 66 4395.1 264.7 4130.4 4.6 20.7
Alaska 66 5152.7 524.5 4628.2 7.5 72.9
Arizona 66 7888.7 652.4 7236.4 7.7 40.9
Nebraska 66 4213.1 330.0 3883.1 2.7 30.0
Kansas 66 5193.1 447.7 4745.4 4.0 40.4
Michigan 66 5994.8 790.4 5204.4 10.4 77.6
S. Carolina 67 6045.2 976.6 5068.7 11.2 53.7
Connecticut 69 5386.7 553.7 4833.0 5.1 27.9
Mississippi 69 3869.1 340.4 3528.8 12.2 44.1
Wyoming 69 4210.6 301.4 3909.3 4.9 29.5
Oregon 71 5646.0 506.8 5139.2 3.8 46.9
Rhode Island 72 5352.7 431.9 4920.8 4.8 24.7
W. Virginia 72 2503.0 169.3 2333.7 5.7 23.6
Georgia 76 6763.6 756.3 6007.3 11.8 53.6
Alabama 77 4915.2 708.6 4206.7 11.6 32.6
Idaho 77 4057.1 275.7 3781.4 2.7 27.3
Washington 78 6222.9 501.6 5721.3 4.9 64.0
Indiana 79 4683.3 473.9 4209.4 6.2 37.9
Pennsylvania 80 3476.1 431.0 3045.1 6.7 25.8
New Hampshire 81 3645.2 131.5 3513.7 1.9 34.8
Delaware 83 5360.4 655.2 4705.1 5.0 88.1
Nevada 83 6063.6 600.9 5462.7 9.7 62.2
S. Dakota 83 2909.3 162.8 2746.5 2.0 34.3
Montana 83 4502.1 159.3 4342.8 4.9 24.4
Maine 84 3697.8 143.2 3554.5 2.4 19.7
Louisiana 88 6486.7 898.4 5588.2 17.2 42.2
Vermont 99 4340.9 127.2 4213.7 2.3 25.9
Gun Robb- Aggra- Burg- Theft Motor
Rights ery vated lary Vehicle
Index Assault Theft
Average for:
Top third 41 294.8 432.9 1244.4 3331.7 640.2
Middle third 66 121.8 347.1 1100.3 3131.6 432.0
Bottom third 80 112.1 262.2 1011.4 2913.8 397.9
D. C. 0 1213.5 1117.0 1983.0 4996.9 1336.1
Illinois 7 394.0 523.6 1063.0 3262.0 642.8
Tennessee 28 191.2 419.2 1264.0 2545.1 571.5
Texas 33 260.8 435.1 1851.5 4304.7 909.0
Arkansas 33 113.2 365.4 1210.9 2834.4 289.4
California 42 377.0 613.6 1345.4 3197.5 1015.5
New York 43 624.7 512.0 1160.7 2979.4 1024.7
Utah 44 59.9 186.3 880.6 4257.6 237.7
New Jersey 45 301.0 311.1 1017.2 2843.0 939.5
Iowa 46 39.2 240.1 808.4 2822.9 169.9
N. Dakota 50 7.8 47.4 426.6 2288.8 133.1
Hawaii 50 91.4 153.0 1228.2 4217.1 380.5
N. Carolina 52 152.1 426.4 1530.4 3048.3 283.7
Florida 54 416.8 764.4 2170.6 4569.6 826.3
Massachusetts 54 217.1 481.4 1112.7 2525.3 923.6
Ohio 55 188.5 264.7 982.5 2864.1 490.6
Maryland 56 363.8 497.9 1119.9 3082.9 708.7
Missouri 58 216.4 457.6 1065.8 2800.2 539.4
Minnesota 61 92.7 176.7 907.2 2959.9 365.6
Virginia 62 123.3 187.6 731.1 3031.4 327.5
Colorado 65 90.6 385.0 1208.8 3890.6 428.4
New Mexico 66 115.1 606.2 1738.7 3828.5 336.7
Kentucky 66 69.1 285.2 766.9 1942.7 199.4
Oklahoma 66 121.9 370.5 1447.5 3002.0 601.7
Wisconsin 66 112.7 126.7 751.4 2962.6 416.5
Alaska 66 76.7 367.4 894.3 3168.5 565.4
Arizona 66 160.9 442.8 1669.9 4703.0 863.5
Nebraska 66 51.1 246.2 723.8 2981.1 178.2
Kansas 66 117.6 285.7 1166.5 3243.5 335.4
Michigan 66 234.0 468.4 1143.3 3347.4 713.7
S. Carolina 67 152.4 759.3 1380.4 3302.4 385.8
Connecticut 69 234.8 286.0 1227.7 2874.4 730.9
Mississippi 69 86.2 198.0 1251.2 2070.0 207.6
Wyoming 69 15.9 251.1 631.0 3129.3 149.0
Oregon 71 144.3 311.8 1135.4 3545.2 458.6
Rhode Island 72 122.0 280.4 1271.1 2695.3 954.4
W. Virginia 72 37.9 102.1 657.1 1522.7 153.9
Georgia 76 263.5 427.4 1619.4 3714.3 673.6
Alabama 77 143.7 520.7 1103.4 2755.4 347.8
Idaho 77 15.0 230.7 813.2 2802.7 165.5
Washington 78 130.0 302.7 1262.9 4011.4 447.1
Indiana 79 101.3 328.4 943.3 2827.1 439.0
Pennsylvania 80 176.2 222.3 729.1 1810.5 505.5
New Hampshire 81 27.2 67.6 735.5 2534.2 244.0
Delaware 83 164.8 397.3 970.5 3290.8 443.9
Nevada 83 238.3 290.7 1367.4 3502.7 592.5
S. Dakota 83 12.4 114.1 527.4 2108.9 110.2
Montana 83 21.7 108.4 709.1 3391.2 242.5
Maine 84 25.1 96.0 823.0 2554.9 176.6
Louisiana 88 269.8 569.2 1437.9 3548.6 601.7
Vermont 99 11.7 87.2 1087.3 2918.5 207.9
* see ccw_survey.
** Population in thousands.
*** Area of state in (square miles???) taken from Webster's New
Collegiate Dictionary (1981)
**** Persons/square mile
**' Murder and non-negligent manslaughter. IOW unjustified,
intentional killings.
**'' Attempted Rape plus Rape. Stats for Illinois are estimated
- reporting error.
All crime figures from 1990 FBI UCR's
see crime_definitions for descriptions of crimes.
--
Greg Booth BSc />_________________________________
BCAA-PCDHF-BCWF-NFA-NRA-IPSC [########[]_________________________________>
/\/\OTOROLA Wireless Data Group, \> I don't speak for Motorola
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