From: [b--o--h] at [mdd.comm.mot.com] (Greg Booth) Newsgroups: talk.politics.guns Subject: Citizens Self Defense Date: 3 Jan 1994 09:25:17 -0800 10. Citizens self defense o Kennesaw, Georgia, passed a law *requiring* a head of household to have a firearm and ammunition for it. Their crime rate dropped to 25 percent of what it had been in the first year of that law, and dropped more the second year. It remains low even though the population of the city has more than doubled since then."Armed and Female" by Paxton Quigley, in the chapter titled "The politics of self-defense"."Firearms and Violence" by Don B. Kates, Jr. "Crime Control through the Private Use of Armed Force" by Professor Gary Kleck that appeared in the 2/88 issue of *Social Problems*. The American Rifleman had a short review of this article in the 7/88 issue entitled: "Armed Citizens & Crime Control" by Paul H. Blackman, Ph.D. The following chart is from the American Rifleman article: Attack, Injury and Crime Completion Rates in Robbery Incidents Method of % Com- % Attacked % Injured Num Times Self Protection pleted Used(a) Used gun 30.9 25.2 17.4 89,009 Used Knife 35.2 55.6 40.3 59,813 Used other weapon 28.9 41.5 22.0 104,700 Used physical force 50.1 75.6 50.8 653,880 Tried to get help or frighten offender 63.9 73.5 48.9 1,516,141 Threatened or reasoned with offender 53.7 48.1 30.7 955,398 Nonviolent resistance, including evasion 50.8 54.7 34.9 1,539,895 Other measures 48.5 47.3 26.5 284,423 Any self-protection 52.1 60.8 38.2 4,603,671 No self-protection 88.5 41.5 24.7 2,686,960 Total 65.4 53.7 33.2 7,290,631 Attack, Injury and Crime Completion Rates in Assault Incidents Method of % Attacked % Injured Estimated Self Protection Num Times Used(a) Used gun 23.2 12.1 386,083 Used Knife 46.4 29.5 123,062 Used other weapon 41.4 25.1 454,570 Used physical force 82.8 52.1 6,638,823 Tried to get help or frighten offender 55.2 40.1 4,383,117 Threatened or reasoned with offender 40.0 24.7 5,743,008 Nonviolent resistance, including evasion 40.0 25.5 8,935,738 Other measures 36.1 20.7 1,451,103 Any self-protection 49.5 30.7 21,801,957 No self-protection 39.9 27.3 6,154,763 Total 47.3 29.9 27,956,719 Notes: (a) Separate frequencies these columns do add totals in "Any self-protection" row since a single criminal incident can involve more than self-protection method. Sources: Analysis of incident files of 1979-1985 National Crime Survey public use computer tapes (ICPSR,1987b). "Robbery and assault victims who used firearms for protection were less likely to be attacked or injured than victims who responded in any other manner. Only 17% of those using guns to resist attempted robbery and 12% using guns to resist assault suffered any kind of injuries. 25% of robbery victims and 27% of assault victims who did not resist were injured anyway." "...Dr. Kleck estimates annually, "gun-wielding civilians in self- defense or some other legally justified cause" kill between 1,500 and 2,800 felons -- or 2 1/2 to seven times as many criminals as are shot dead by police." "Dr. Kleck estimates "there were about 8,700-16,600 non- fatal, legally permissible woundings of criminals by gun armed civilians" annually, and "the rest of the one million estimated defensive gun uses, over 98% involved neither killings nor woundings but rather warning shots fired or guns pointed or referred to." "Significantly, Dr. Kleck notes that the victimization surveys actually exaggerated the association of injury with gun-resistance since the surveys generally fail to ask whether the injury occurs after and because of resistance or whether the injury occurred first. In a supplemental questionnaire, however, it was found that most injuries to armed resisters preceded their resistance: "For cases involving robbery and attack, forceful self-protection actions never preceded the attack ... even the minority of the cases where forceful self-protective acts were accompanied by attacks on the victim, few incidents support the contention that the victim's defensive action provoked the attack." "As Dr. Kleck puts it in his study: "When victims use guns to resist crimes, the crimes usually are disrupted and the victims not injured." o The NRA/ILA Research & Information Division (1600 Rhode Island Ave., N.W. o Washington DC 20036) o will provide a pamphlet that reprints the following two analyses on the o Florida CCW law statistics: o o Marion Hammer, "Pro-Gun Laws - They Work!" Guns & Ammo, Nov. '91, pp. 22-23 andGary Kleck, excerpt from his book "Point Blank: Guns & Violence in America" o "Both of these are based on the "Concealed Weapons / Firearms License Statistical Report for the Period 10/01/87 - 10/31/ 91" issued by the Florida Department of State's Division of Licensing (P.O. Box 6687, Tallahassee, FL 32314-6687). o This one-page report states as follows: o o 112,528 Applications Received 85,662 New 26,866 Renewal 109,377 Licenses Issued 82,756 New 26,621 Renewal 768 Applications Denied 446 Criminal History 302 Incomplete Application 167 Licenses Revoked 66 Clemency rule change or legislative change 77 Crime after licensure (10 = firearm utilized) 6 Crime prior to licensure (2 = firearm utilized) 10 Illegible prints with no response 8 Other 12 Reinstated (no statistics maintained prior to Jan. '90) ----------- These stats are the sum total of the report -- ---------- What this amounts to is the following good news: 167 licenses revoked = .15% (one-sixth of 1%) of licenses issued i.e. 15 in 10,000 licenses were revoked 77 licenses revoked for a crime after licensure = .07% (seven hundreths of 1%) i.e. only 7 in 10,000 licenses were revoked for a crime 10 licenses revoked for crime with a gun = .009% i.e. less than 1 in 10,000 licenses were revoked for a crime with a gun See Hammer and Kleck references (above) for more analysis. o "Do you remember Kennesaw, Georgia? In 1982, a municipal ordinance was passed requiring every homeowner to own a firearm. Since the passage of that act, there has been only one homicide in the town, and that did not involve firearms. Home burglaries were reduced from 11 per thousand residents to three, though the population of the town has nearly doubled." [Jeff Cooper, "Cooper's Corner", GUNS & AMMO, Dec. 91, p. 97] o In Portland Oregon in 1989 17 CCW (Carry Concealed Weapon) permits were issued, in 1990 2500 CCW permits were issued, in 1990 the murder rate in Portland DROPPED by 33%."Second Amendment Foundation Reporter", Fall 1990 issue. An article titled "Research: Portland Concealed Weapons Permits Credited With Homicide Reduction" includes the 33% reduction figure. o The Gun Culture and Its Enemies" by William R. Tonso notes a number of cases where an increase in the number of armed citizens decreased the crime rate: o "In Detroit, Michigan, grocery robberies declined 90% after a firearms training program for grocers was instituted by a grocer's association. o Highland Park, Michigan, police trained storekeepers to shoot producing a dramatic decrease in store robberies from 80 in the previous four months to none in the subsequent four month period. o In New Orleans, Louisiana, pharmacy robberies dropped from three per week to three in six months." o "In California, statistics prove that every 8 minutes an innocent civilian defends his or her own life with a gun." [Dr. Jeanne L. Gilkey, "Fight Smart", GUNS & AMMO, Jun. 91, p. 95] o In Orlando, Florida, in 1966 a series of brutal rapes swept the community. Citizens reacted to the tripling in the rate of rape over the previous year by buying handguns for self- defence; 200-300 firearms were being purchased each week from dealers, and an unknown number more from private parties. The newspaper there, the _Orlando Sentinel Star_, had an anti-gun editorial stance and tried to pressure the local police chief and city government to stop the flow of arms. When that tactic failed, the paper decided that in the interest of public safety, they would sponsor a gun- training seminar in conjunction with the local police. Plans were made for a one-day training course at a local city park. Plans were made for an expected 400-500 women. However, more than 2500 women arrived, and brought with them every conceivable kind of firearm. They had to park many blocks away, and the weapons were carried in purses, paper bags, boxes, briefcases, holsters, and womens' hands. One police officer present said he'd never been so scared in his life. Swamped, the organizers hastily dismissed the women with promises for a more thorough course with scheduled appointments. The course offered was for three classes/ week, and within 6 months, the Orlando police had trained more than 6000 women in basic pistol marksmanship and the law of self-defense. The results? In 1966 there were 36 rapes per 100,000 people in Orlando, triple the 1965 rate. In 1967, there were 4. Before the training, rape rates had been increasing in Orlando as nationwide. 5 years after the training, rape was still below pre-training levels in Orlando, but up 308% in the surrounding areas, 96% for Florida overall, and 64% nationally. Also in 1967, violent assault and burglary decreased by 25% in Orlando, in addition to the rape reductions. In 1967, NOT A SINGLE WOMAN HAD FIRED HER WEAPON in self- defense. In 1967, NOT A SINGLE WOMAN HAD TURNED HER GUN ON HER HUSBAND OR BOYFRIEND.(No data are available for later years.) The reason the program worked so spectacularly well is that it was widely known that Orlando women had the means and training to defend themselves from attackers. Rapists, being (somewhat) human, they are learning engines; they took their business elsewhere--to the detriment of the defenseless in those other locations o "The Factual Foundation for Certain Key Assumptions of Gun Control" by Gary Kleck and David Bordua appeared in "Law and Police Quarterly" in August 1983. It describes the Orlando, Florida women's gun training program which reduced rape rates from 35.91 per 100000 population to 4.18 per 100000 in 1967. "In 1966 in Orlando, Florida, the police embarked on a highly publicized firearms training program for 2,500 women in response to the rising rape rate. The next year, rape decreased by more than 80 percent in that area! This sounded almost too good to be true, so I tracked down the police chief of Orlando at the time, Carlisle Johnstone, and phoned him to discuss what happened. He praised the women he had instructed, detailing how not one of the thousands they instructed had misused firearms or had any accidents. "The rape rate of Orlando decreased because the criminals became aware that women were serious about protecting themselves and had an effective means of doing so--firearms." [Nancy Bittle, "Women...Are You Aware of Your Gun Rights?", GUNS & AMMO, Aug. 91, p. 21] o o In Florida since the gun laws have been modified to allow women who qualify to carry a gun concealed, the reported rape rate has DROPPED by 90%. o "A study conducted by the St. Louis University School of Law found that armed citizens were exceedingly responsible in carrying handguns on the street. The study found that while police were successful in shooting or driving off criminals 68 percent of the time, private citizens succeeded in 83 percent of their encounters. Most importantly, while 11 percent of the individuals involved in police shootings were later found to be innocents misidentified as criminals, only 2 percent of those in civilian shootings were so misidentified. In light of the fact that in urban areas private citizens encounter and kill up to three times as many criminals as do law enforcement authorities, the track record of the private citizen is very impressive indeed." [Marion P. Hammer, "Pro-Gun Laws - They Work!", GUNS & AMMO, Nov. 91, p. 92] o A recent study in the US found that an individual was much more likely to be a victim of violent crime in an area with strict gun control laws, than in an area with lax gun laws. o Social Problems Journal of the Society for the Study of Social Problems Volume 35 No. 1 February 1988 pages 1-21 Crime Control Through the Private Use of Armed Force, Gary Kleck, School of Criminology, Florida State Univ., Tallahasse o Abstract (from article) "Legal defensive violence by private citizens armed with firearms is a significant form of social control in the United States. Evidence indicates that private gun use against violent criminals and burglars is common and about as frequent as legal actions like arrests, is a more prompt negative consequence of crime than legal punishment and is often far more severe. In 1980 about 1,500-2,800 felons were legally killed by gun-wielding civilians, about 8,700- 16,000 were nonfatally wounded and guns were used defensively about one million times. Victim resistance with guns is associated with lower rates of both victim injury and crime completion for robberies and assaults than any other victim action, including non- resistance. Survey and quasi-experimental evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that private ownership and use of firearms deters criminal behavior". The one million uses refers to all guns, and in the article the estimate of 645,000 defensive uses for handguns is made. This may be the source for the frequently quoted 600,000 figure. (The 95% confidence interval is given as 468,000 - 822,000.) Note that defensive use does not mean that the gun was fired, and it appears that in the majority of defensive uses the gun was not fired. o In the US an estimated 1,000,000 times each year firearms are used by private citizens in self-defence (to deter, prevent or stop a crime). Handguns were used approximately 645,000 times a year in self-protection, with an additional 350,000 self-defence uses of rifles and shotguns This resulted in 1500 to 2800 justifiable killings (0.15% to 0.28%) and 8700 to 16600 non-fatal legally permissible woundings (0.87% to 1.66%). The remaining 98% involved neither killings nor woundings but rather warning shots fired or guns pointed or referred to. "Crime Control through the Private Use of Armed Force" Professor Gary Kleck, Feb 88, Social Problems. o A 1979 US Justice Department study of 32,000 attempted rapes show that overall, when rape is attempted, the completion rate is 36%. But when a woman defends herself with a gun, the completion rate drops to 3%. Overall victimization studies show that for all violent crimes, including assault, rape, and robbery, the safest course for the victim is to resist with a firearm. The second safest course is passive compliance with the attacker, but this tactic approximately doubles the probability of death or injury for the victim. All other tactics (mace, whistles, hand-to-hand combat, screams, and so forth) have even worse outcomes. o From [l--ts--v] at [mainstream.com] Fri Jul 23 17:04:08 1993 o Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1993 20:01:57 -0400 o Comment: Mainstream list server o Reply-To: [l--ts--v] at [mainstream.com] o Sender: [l--ts--v] at [mainstream.com] o X-Version: 5.5 -- Copyright (c) 1991/92, Anastasios Kotsikonas o From: [l--ts--v] at [mainstream.com] o To: [b--o--h] at [mdd.comm.mot.com] o Subject: GET RKBA CCW-SURVEY o Content-Length: 18932 o X-Lines: 343 o Status: RO o o Archive RKBA: file ccw-survey, part 1/1, size 18729 bytes: o o ------------------------------ Cut here -------------------- ---------- o WARNING: None of the information herein contained may be used as the basis for, or in conjunction with, taking any actions, or forming any opinions on questions of the law. No claims are made as to the accuracy, currency, and applicability of this document, in regards to the law or issues adjudicated by the various courts. Before taking any action which could possibly be in contravention to the law, always consult your qualified legal professional. ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- 1. Does the state issue possession or purchase permits for handguns? (O/P/U) 2. Does the state issue open carry permits for handguns? (O/P/U) 3. Does the state issue concealed carry permits for handguns? (O/ P/U) 4. Is the permit discretionary in actual practice? (Y/N) 5. Is the permit valid statewide? (Y/N/D) 6. What is the initial duration of a permit? (in months) 7. What is the renewal duration of a permit? (in months) 8. What is the application cost for the permit? (in $$) 9. What is the renewal cost for the permit? (in $$) 10. Does the permit require fingerprints? (Y/N/D) 11. Does the permit require drug testing? (Y/N/D) 12. Does the permit require background checks? (Y/N/D) 13. Does the permit require proof of training/knowledge? (Y/N/D) 14. Does the permit require citing a reason listed in statute? (Y/ N/D) 15. Is a permit available to nonresidents? (Y/N/D) 16. Does a nonresident permit require possession of home state permit? (Y/N) 17. What is the initial duration of a nonresident permit? (in months) 18. What is the renewal duration of a nonresident permit? (in months) 19. What is the application cost for the nonresident permit? (in $$) 20. What is the renewal cost for the nonresident permit? (in $$) 21. Does the state honor other states' permits? (Y/N) 22. Relative Score on the Gun Rights Index (GRI); values 0-99, rounded. ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- D = Discretionary, upon the discretion/need of the issuing authority I = Irrelevant, this question does not apply or is irrelevant O = Open, this action/activity is open to all lawful individuals P = Permit, a permit is required for this action/activity N = No U = Unlawful, this practice is unlawful to virtually all individuals Y = Yes ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- GRI Scoring: (Answers without listed values do not affect the score) 1: O = 33, P = 22 2: O = 33, P = 22 3: O = 33, P = 22 4: Y = -11 5: N = -5, D = -3 6: x/24, max of 5 7: x/24, max of 5 8: -x/25, max of -5 9: -x/25, max of -5 10: Y = -2, D = -1 11: Y = -2, D = -1 12: Y = -2, D = -1 13: Y = -2, D = -1 14: Y = -2, D = -1 15: N = -5, D = -3 16: Y = -1 17: x/24, max of 5 18: x/24, max of 5 19: -x/25, max of -5 20: -x/25, max of -5 21: N = -5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. --+--.--.--.--.--.---.---.---.---.--.--.--.--.--.--.--.---.---.-- -.---.--.---. AK| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. AL| O. P. P. N. Y. 12. 12. 15. 15. N. N. D. N. N. . . . . . . Y. 76. AR| O. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 33. AS| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AZ| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. CA| P. P. P. Y. Y. 12. 12. 28. . N. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 42. CO| O. O. P. Y. Y. . . . . . . Y. . . N. . . . . . N. 65. CT| O. P. P. N. Y. 60. 60.25+. . Y. N. Y. Y. N. Y. . . . . . N. 69. DC| U. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 0. DE| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83. FL| O. P. P. N. Y. 36. 36.160.135. Y. N. Y. Y. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 54. FM| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GA| O. O. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 32. 32. Y. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 76. GU| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HI| P. P. P. Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 50. IA| P. P. P. Y. Y. 12. 12. 5. 2. N. N. Y. Y. Y. Y. N. 12. 12. 5. 2. N. 46. ID| O. O. P. N. Y. 48. 48.20+. 12. D. N. D. D. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 77. IL| P. U. U. Y. N. 60. 60. 5. 5. N. N. N. N. N. Y. N. 12. 12. I. I. N. 7. IN| O. O. P. N. Y. 48. 48. 25. 25. Y. N. Y. N. Y.?N. I. I. I. I. I. Y. 79. KS| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. KY| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. LA| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?Y. 88. MA| P. P. P. Y. Y.<60. 60. 10. 10. Y. N. Y. D. Y. Y. N. 12. 12. 10. 10. N. 54. MD| O. P. P. Y. Y.<36. 36. 25. 25. Y. N. Y. N. Y. . . . . . . N. 56. ME| O. O. P. N. Y. 36. 36. 60. 30. D. N. Y. Y. N. Y. N. 36. 36. 80. 40. N. 81. MH| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MI| P. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . Y. . . . . . Y. 66. MN| P. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 61. MO| P. O. P. . N. . . . . . . Y. . Y. N. . . . . . N. 58. MP| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MS| O. O. P. N. Y. 36. 36.100.100. Y. N. Y. N. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 69. MT| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83. NC| P. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. D. D. D. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 52. ND| O. U. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 50. NE| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. NH| O. O. P. N. Y. 24. 24. 4. 4. D. N. Y. N. Y. Y. N. 24. 24. 10. 10. N. 81. NJ| P. P. P. Y. . . . . . Y. . Y. D. . Y. . . . . . N. 45. NM| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. NV| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83. NY| P. P. P. Y. N.Lif. I. 45. I. Y. N. Y. Y. Y. Y. Y. . . . . N. 43. OH| P. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 55. OK| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. OR| O. O. P. N. Y. 24. 24. 50. 25. Y. N. Y. Y. N. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 71. PA| O. P. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 13. . N. N. Y. N. Y. Y. Y. 60. 60. 13. .. N. 80. PR| P. P. P. Y. N. 36. 36.350.250. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 22. PW| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RI| O. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . Y. . . . . . N. 72. SC| O. P. P. . . . . . . . . . . . N. . . . . . N. 67. SD| O. O. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 83. TN| O. U. U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. 28. TX| O. U. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 33. UT| O. U. P. N. Y. ?. ?. 35. 5. Y. N. Y. Y. N. Y. N. ?. ?. 35. 5. N. 44. VA| O. O. P. Y. Y. 24. 24. 10. 10. Y. N. Y. N. Y. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. 62. VI| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. . VT| O. O. O. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 99. WA| O. P. P. N. Y. 48. 48. 23. 15. Y. N. D. N. D. Y. N. 48. 48. 23. 15. N. 78. WI| O. O. U. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. I. 66. WV| O. O. P. N. Y. 60. 60. 70. 50. N. N. Y. Y. Y. N. I. I. I. I. I. N. 72. WY| O. O. P. Y. N. 36. 36. 0. 0. N. N. Y. N. Y. Y. N. 36. 36. 0. 0. N. 69. --+--.--.--.--.--.---.---.---.---.--.--.--.--.--.--.--.---.---.-- -.---.--.---. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. Notes: all numeric values are approximations, rounded where necessary AL- 2:License for carry in a vehicle, open or concealed. AL-12:Check common in large cities, most counties just a few day wait. AR- 2:Carry "with a purpose to employ it as a weapon against a person" illegal. AR- 3:Carry "with a purpose to employ it as a weapon against a person" illegal. AZ- 3:Violation is class 1 misdemeanor, 6 mo. maximum jail sentence. CA- 1:Except for handguns defined as "assault weapons". CA- 2:Open carry is legal in unincorporated areas except where prohibited. CA- 4:There is a wide variety of issuance policies throughout the state. CA- 8:Application cost may vary. CA-13:State does not require training, but many counties/cities do. CO- 2:Except in some cities. CO- 3:Get a permit from a town, then the state. CT- 3:One must obtain a local permit before issuance of State permit. CT- 4:Reasons for denial are statutory, and there is a binding appeal process. CT- 8:Local permit ~$25, state permit $25. CT-10:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State permit. CT-12:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State permit. CT-13:Required for issuance of local permit, but not for State permit. DC- 1:Handgun moratorium since September 24, 1976. FL-15:Non-resident licenses only to "Consular Officers of Foreign Governments". GA- 2:No permit required to hunt or transport. GA- 3:Open carry for protection requires same permit as for concealed carry. IA-10:Fingerprints required for non-resident/professional permits. IA-15:Only professional permit (security guard, FFL) available to non-residents. ID- 8:Fees variable: $20 + reasonable costs; Idaho County quoted $30. ID-15:No non-resident applications accepted after 7/1/91. ID-17:Old non-resident permits good until expiration. IL- 3:Exceptions for people of influence and power. IL- 5:Chicago requires registration. Certain suburbs have banned handguns. IL-15:Non-residend hunting license serves as gun owner identification card. IN- 3:Available to residents or those who work in the state. IN- 8:Local $10, state $15 for CCW, and $5 open only. IN- 9:Local $10, state $15 for CCW, and $5 open only. IN-14:Answer: "For protection of myself, my family, and the State of Indiana." IN-21:Will honor out-of-state CCW for travellers. KS- 1:Purchase permit may be required in certain cities or counties. MA- 2:Same as CCW. Open carry strongly discouraged, much hassled. MA- 3:Hard to get in Cambridge/Boston. MA- 4:40 day appl. process. Inaction/rejection appeals go to district court. MA- 5:Illegal: carry on school grounds, unattended handgun in motor vehicle. MA- 6:Expires on applicant's birthday, four years after issuance. MA-14:Must be suitable person and have specific need for "all lawful purposes". MA-15:Two types available, with differing requirements. MA-17:24 mo. license available for cash businesses, P.I.s, or military. MA-18:24 mo. license available for cash businesses, P.I.s, or military. MA-19:$20 for the 24 mo. license. MA-20:$20 for the 24 mo. license. MD- 6:Expires on last day of birth month, two years after issuance. ME- 2:Open carry is legal, expect looks from some people. ME- 3:Handguns must be unloaded in the car if you do not possess a CCW. ME- 4:Resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within 30 days. ME-12:Non-resident must supply official driving record, criminal records check. ME-15:Non-resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within 60 days. MI- 2:Must posses license for carry in a vehicle, open or concealed. MO- 1:Permit with background check required for each handgun purchase. MO- 2:Open carry walking around; no carry in vehicles. MO- 3:For cash/high-value businesses, only on-site & on-duty. NC- 1:Purchase permit $5 in one county, others may differ. NC- 3:Exceptions in extreme need (by court order), as determined by the state. NC-12:In reference to purchase permit, only. NC-13:In reference to purchase permit, only. NC-14:In reference to purchase permit, only. ND- 2:Loaded carry prohibited. NH-14:Accepted reasons are "protection" and "target shooting". NH-16:Want copy of CCW from home state if exists, or clean record letter. NM- 2:It's legal to keep a loaded gun in your car. NM- 3:Illegal concealed carry is often ignored; can carry `unloaded'. NV- 3:CCW may be granted by county sheriff on written application. NY- 3:NYC, people of influence, or `need'. Rest of state varies by county. NY- 5:State permit no good in NYC, but NYC permit also valid in rest of state. NY- 6:State permit issued for life; NYC permit issued for 2 years. NY- 8:Fees vary by county. OH- 1:Purchase permit may be required in certain cities or counties. OR- 4:Resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within 45 days. OR-15:Wording of law now requires residence in county of application. OR-21:'Equivalent' permits recognized. No out-of-state permits meet this test. PA- 2:License for carry in a vehicle, open or concealed. PA- 3:Discretionary in Philadelphia. PA- 4:45 day application process. PA- 5:Illegal: carry on school grounds PA-14:Personal protection reason accepted without prejudice. PA-15:Must already possess CCW in home state. RI-15:Usually denied on first try; after complaint, approved on second try. TN- 2:Except licensed private investigators, handgun hunters, cops. TN- 3:Except licensed private investigators, handgun hunters, cops. TX- 2:Except for "travellers" (i.e. crossing multiple county lines). TX- 3:Except for "travellers" (i.e. crossing multiple county lines). UT- 1:Possession of weapon authorized, permit or license not required. UT- 2:Loaded firearm carry in vehicle or on public street is unlawful. UT- 4:Permit must be issued or denied with cause within 60 days. UT-12:Character references, photographs, employment & residential history. UT-13:Specifies "evidence of weapons familiarity". UT-15:Nonresidents traveling may possess unloaded, cased firearm in vehicle. VA- 1:Must pass `instant' computer background check for purchase. VA-14:"For lawful defense and security" is sufficient, by statute. VT- 2:Carry "with the intent or purpose of injuring another" prohibited. VT- 3:Carry "with the intent or purpose of injuring another" prohibited. VT- 3:In Montpelier, Rutland & St. Albans: town ordinances ban loaded carry. WA- 1:Purchase application on buying; buyers with no CCW must wait five days. WA- 2:License required for loaded carry in a vehicle, open or concealed. WA- 3:Local ordinances may not contradict or be more restrictive than state law. WA- 4:Must be issued/denied with cause within 30 days. Routinely exceeded. WA-14:Contrary to law, some agencies require that reasons be provided. WA-15:Non-resident permit must be issued or denied with cause within 60 days. WV- 8:Application fee of $20 and license fee of $50. WY- 3:Violation is misdemeanor, $750 maximum fine, 6 mo. maximum jail sentence. WY- 4:Sheriff may issue to travelers, merchant police, private detectives, etc. WY- 5:Issued at personal discretion of Sheriff, may be valid only their county. AK-Alaska AL-Alabama AR-Arkansas AS-American Samoa AZ-Arizona CA-California CO-Colorado CT-Connecticut DC-District of Columbia DE-Delaware FL-Florida FM-Federated Micronesia GA-Georgia GU-Guam HI-Hawaii IA-Iowa ID-Idaho IL-Illinois IN-Indiana KS-Kansas KY-Kentucky LA-Lousiana MA-Massachussetts MD-Maryland ME-Maine MH-Marshall Islands MI-Michigan MN-Minnesota MO-Missouri MP-Mariana Islands MS-Mississippi MT-Montana NC-North Carolina ND-North Dakota NE-Nebraska NH-New Hampshire NJ-New Jersey NM-New Mexico NV-Nevada NY-New York OH-Ohio OK-Oklahoma OR-Oregon PA-Pennsylvania PR-Puerto Rico PW-Palau Islands RI-Rhode Island SC-South Carolina SD-South Dakota TN-Tennessee TX-Texas UT-Utah VA-Virginia VI-Virgin Islands VT-Vermont WA-Washington WI-Wisconsin WV-West Virginia WY-Wyoming ----------------------------------------------------------------- --------------- Contact for more information: .. . . State of Arizona (602) 542-4266 Attorney General Grant Woods Department of Law 1275 W. Washington St. Phoenix, AZ 85007 .. . . State of Florida Dept. of State (904) 488-0039 Division of Licensing P.O. Box 6687 Tallahassee, FL 32304-6687 .. . . Indiana State Police (317) 232-8264 Firearms Licensing/CCW .. . . State of Iowa (515) 281-5261 Attorney General Bonnie J. Campbell Wallace State Office Bldg. Des Moines, IA 50319 Paul H. Wieck II, Commissioner Department of Public Safety (515) 281-3211 Administrative Services Division Judy Cross (515) 281-5149 Weapons Permit Section Administrative Assistant Wallace State Office Bldg. Des Moines, IA 50319-0040 .. . . Commissioner John R. Atwood Maine State Police Col. Andrew E. Demers, Chief Licensing Divison Lt. Peter A. McCarthy (207) 582-8765 Gardiner Annex State House Station, #35 Augusta, ME 04333 .. . . State of Massachussetts Department of Public Safety "firearms records" (617) 566-4500 Firearms & CCW Licensing 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02135 .. . . State of New Hampshire Department of Safety Division of State Police 10 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03305 .. . . Allegheny County Sheriff's Office Deputy Juran (412) 355-4700 Room 111, Courthouse firearms affairs Pittsburgh, PA 15219 (717) 265-1701 Bradford County Sheriff's Office (717) 697-0371 Cumberland County Sheriff's Off. (717) 261-3805 Franklin County Sheriff's Office (717) 327-2280 Lycoming County Sheriff's Office (717) 988-4155 Northumberland C. Sheriff's Off. (717) 771-9601 York County Sheriff's Office .. . . State of Utah (801) 538-1015 Attorney General R. Paul Van Dam Joseph E. Tesch 236 State Capitol Chief Deputy Attorney General Salt Lake City, UT 84114 Ronald L. Probert Chief, Investigations Department of Public Safety Regulatory Licensing 4501 S. 2700 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119 .. . . State of West Virginia (304) 348-2021 Office of the Attorney General Charleston, WV 25305 .. . . Albany County Deputy Debre (307) 721-2526 Sheriff Gary Puls 525 Grant Laramie, WY 82070 ------------------------------ Cut here ------------------------- ----- From Andrew Ford. [f--r--a] at [postoffice.agcs.com] Fri Jul 23 16:03:25 1993 Comparison of Gun Rights vs Violent Crime. Note that on average, the higher the individual gun rights, the lower the crime rates in every category except rape. Note also that rape includes both reported successful rapes and reported attempted rapes: successful rapes are very rarely to reported. Attempted rapes, especially in those cases where the intended victim has shot her attacker, are far more likely to be reported. I've tried to find a break out of rape vs attempted, but have not been successful. I could have left Rape out, but that didn't seem too honest. 0 is lowest gun rights (harshest restrictions) 99 is most liberal gun ownership rights. NOTE: rates are in crimes per 100,000 people, unless otherwise specified. Gun Crime Vio- Prop- Homi- Rape Rights Index lent erty cide Index Total Crime Crime **' **'' Average for: Top third 41 5995.7 778.3 5217.4 12.2 38.5 Middle third 66 5181.5 517.5 4664.0 7.0 41.6 Bottom third 80 4742.7 419.6 4323.1 6.1 39.3 D. C. 0 10774.3 2458.2 8316.0 77.8 49.9 Illinois 7 5935.1 967.4 4967.7 10.3 39.4 Tennessee 28 5051.0 670.4 4380.6 10.5 49.5 Texas 33 7826.8 761.4 7065.3 14.1 51.5 Arkansas 33 4866.9 532.2 4334.7 10.3 43.3 California 42 6603.6 1045.2 5558.4 11.9 42.6 New York 43 6363.8 1180.9 5182.8 14.5 29.8 Utah 44 5659.9 283.9 5376.0 3.0 37.8 New Jersey 45 5447.2 647.6 4799.7 5.6 29.8 Iowa 46 4100.9 299.7 3801.2 1.9 18.4 N. Dakota 50 2922.4 73.9 2848.5 0.8 17.8 Hawaii 50 6106.7 280.9 5825.8 4.0 32.5 N. Carolina 52 5485.9 623.5 4862.3 10.7 34.3 Florida 54 8810.8 1244.3 7566.5 10.7 52.4 Massachusetts 54 5297.9 736.3 4561.5 4.0 33.7 Ohio 55 4843.4 506.2 4337.3 6.1 46.8 Maryland 56 5830.5 919.0 4911.5 11.5 45.7 Missouri 58 5120.6 715.3 4405.3 8.8 32.5 Minnesota 61 4538.8 306.1 4232.7 2.7 34.0 Virginia 62 4440.6 350.6 4090.0 8.8 31.0 Colorado 65 6053.7 526.0 5527.8 4.2 46.2 New Mexico 66 6684.1 780.2 5903.9 9.2 49.7 Kentucky 66 3299.4 390.4 2909.1 7.2 29.0 Oklahoma 66 5598.7 547.5 5051.2 8.0 47.0 Wisconsin 66 4395.1 264.7 4130.4 4.6 20.7 Alaska 66 5152.7 524.5 4628.2 7.5 72.9 Arizona 66 7888.7 652.4 7236.4 7.7 40.9 Nebraska 66 4213.1 330.0 3883.1 2.7 30.0 Kansas 66 5193.1 447.7 4745.4 4.0 40.4 Michigan 66 5994.8 790.4 5204.4 10.4 77.6 S. Carolina 67 6045.2 976.6 5068.7 11.2 53.7 Connecticut 69 5386.7 553.7 4833.0 5.1 27.9 Mississippi 69 3869.1 340.4 3528.8 12.2 44.1 Wyoming 69 4210.6 301.4 3909.3 4.9 29.5 Oregon 71 5646.0 506.8 5139.2 3.8 46.9 Rhode Island 72 5352.7 431.9 4920.8 4.8 24.7 W. Virginia 72 2503.0 169.3 2333.7 5.7 23.6 Georgia 76 6763.6 756.3 6007.3 11.8 53.6 Alabama 77 4915.2 708.6 4206.7 11.6 32.6 Idaho 77 4057.1 275.7 3781.4 2.7 27.3 Washington 78 6222.9 501.6 5721.3 4.9 64.0 Indiana 79 4683.3 473.9 4209.4 6.2 37.9 Pennsylvania 80 3476.1 431.0 3045.1 6.7 25.8 New Hampshire 81 3645.2 131.5 3513.7 1.9 34.8 Delaware 83 5360.4 655.2 4705.1 5.0 88.1 Nevada 83 6063.6 600.9 5462.7 9.7 62.2 S. Dakota 83 2909.3 162.8 2746.5 2.0 34.3 Montana 83 4502.1 159.3 4342.8 4.9 24.4 Maine 84 3697.8 143.2 3554.5 2.4 19.7 Louisiana 88 6486.7 898.4 5588.2 17.2 42.2 Vermont 99 4340.9 127.2 4213.7 2.3 25.9 Gun Robb- Aggra- Burg- Theft Motor Rights ery vated lary Vehicle Index Assault Theft Average for: Top third 41 294.8 432.9 1244.4 3331.7 640.2 Middle third 66 121.8 347.1 1100.3 3131.6 432.0 Bottom third 80 112.1 262.2 1011.4 2913.8 397.9 D. C. 0 1213.5 1117.0 1983.0 4996.9 1336.1 Illinois 7 394.0 523.6 1063.0 3262.0 642.8 Tennessee 28 191.2 419.2 1264.0 2545.1 571.5 Texas 33 260.8 435.1 1851.5 4304.7 909.0 Arkansas 33 113.2 365.4 1210.9 2834.4 289.4 California 42 377.0 613.6 1345.4 3197.5 1015.5 New York 43 624.7 512.0 1160.7 2979.4 1024.7 Utah 44 59.9 186.3 880.6 4257.6 237.7 New Jersey 45 301.0 311.1 1017.2 2843.0 939.5 Iowa 46 39.2 240.1 808.4 2822.9 169.9 N. Dakota 50 7.8 47.4 426.6 2288.8 133.1 Hawaii 50 91.4 153.0 1228.2 4217.1 380.5 N. Carolina 52 152.1 426.4 1530.4 3048.3 283.7 Florida 54 416.8 764.4 2170.6 4569.6 826.3 Massachusetts 54 217.1 481.4 1112.7 2525.3 923.6 Ohio 55 188.5 264.7 982.5 2864.1 490.6 Maryland 56 363.8 497.9 1119.9 3082.9 708.7 Missouri 58 216.4 457.6 1065.8 2800.2 539.4 Minnesota 61 92.7 176.7 907.2 2959.9 365.6 Virginia 62 123.3 187.6 731.1 3031.4 327.5 Colorado 65 90.6 385.0 1208.8 3890.6 428.4 New Mexico 66 115.1 606.2 1738.7 3828.5 336.7 Kentucky 66 69.1 285.2 766.9 1942.7 199.4 Oklahoma 66 121.9 370.5 1447.5 3002.0 601.7 Wisconsin 66 112.7 126.7 751.4 2962.6 416.5 Alaska 66 76.7 367.4 894.3 3168.5 565.4 Arizona 66 160.9 442.8 1669.9 4703.0 863.5 Nebraska 66 51.1 246.2 723.8 2981.1 178.2 Kansas 66 117.6 285.7 1166.5 3243.5 335.4 Michigan 66 234.0 468.4 1143.3 3347.4 713.7 S. Carolina 67 152.4 759.3 1380.4 3302.4 385.8 Connecticut 69 234.8 286.0 1227.7 2874.4 730.9 Mississippi 69 86.2 198.0 1251.2 2070.0 207.6 Wyoming 69 15.9 251.1 631.0 3129.3 149.0 Oregon 71 144.3 311.8 1135.4 3545.2 458.6 Rhode Island 72 122.0 280.4 1271.1 2695.3 954.4 W. Virginia 72 37.9 102.1 657.1 1522.7 153.9 Georgia 76 263.5 427.4 1619.4 3714.3 673.6 Alabama 77 143.7 520.7 1103.4 2755.4 347.8 Idaho 77 15.0 230.7 813.2 2802.7 165.5 Washington 78 130.0 302.7 1262.9 4011.4 447.1 Indiana 79 101.3 328.4 943.3 2827.1 439.0 Pennsylvania 80 176.2 222.3 729.1 1810.5 505.5 New Hampshire 81 27.2 67.6 735.5 2534.2 244.0 Delaware 83 164.8 397.3 970.5 3290.8 443.9 Nevada 83 238.3 290.7 1367.4 3502.7 592.5 S. Dakota 83 12.4 114.1 527.4 2108.9 110.2 Montana 83 21.7 108.4 709.1 3391.2 242.5 Maine 84 25.1 96.0 823.0 2554.9 176.6 Louisiana 88 269.8 569.2 1437.9 3548.6 601.7 Vermont 99 11.7 87.2 1087.3 2918.5 207.9 * see ccw_survey. ** Population in thousands. *** Area of state in (square miles???) taken from Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary (1981) **** Persons/square mile **' Murder and non-negligent manslaughter. IOW unjustified, intentional killings. **'' Attempted Rape plus Rape. Stats for Illinois are estimated - reporting error. All crime figures from 1990 FBI UCR's see crime_definitions for descriptions of crimes. -- Greg Booth BSc />_________________________________ BCAA-PCDHF-BCWF-NFA-NRA-IPSC [########[]_________________________________> /\/\OTOROLA Wireless Data Group, \> I don't speak for Motorola / \Subscriber Products Division, [b--o--h] at [mdd.comm.mot.com]