Oscar Wilde was transferred to Her Majesty’s Prison Reading, Berkshire, in November of 1895. He remained there until his release from prison on May 19, 1897. He wrote De Profundis while at the prison, taking it with him when he left.
He wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol after his release. It was published under a pseudonym, and a rather obvious one at that: his identifier in Reading Gaol, C.3.3. That was his cell number: block C, floor 3, cell 3. The hanging he writes about in this ballad was “inspired” by one he witnessed at the prison. Charles Thomas Wooldridge was executed for the murder of his wife; Wilde dedicated the poem to “C.T.W.”
- I
- “He did not wear his scarlet coat, for blood and wine are red…”
- II
- “Six weeks the guardsman walked the yard, in the suit of shabby gray…”
- III
- “In Debtors’ Yard the stones are hard, and the dripping wall is high…”
- IV
- “There is no chapel on the day on which they hang a man…”
- V
- “I know not whether Laws be right, or whether Laws be wrong…”
- VI
- “In Reading gaol by Reading town there is a pit of shame…”
More Information
- Charles Thomas Wooldridge
- “Charles Thomas Wooldridge was a trooper in the Royal Horse Guards, convicted of cutting the throat of his wife. He was executed at Reading Gaol. Wilde was a fellow inmate at Reading Gaol at the time, and had seen Wooldridge on several occasions.”
- Her Majesty’s Prison Reading
- “HM Prison Reading was built in 1844 as the Berkshire County Gaol in the heart of Reading, Berkshire. Designed by George Gilbert Scott it was based on London's New Model Prison at Pentonville and is a good example of early Victorian prison architecture. It was designed to carry out what was the very latest penal technique of the time, known as the separate system. As a county gaol it also served as the site for executions.”